Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
A Research Division of Carnegie Mellon University

Hunt Institute Archives Text Discovery Platform

Search a large and growing portion of our online collections, including handwritten documents.
PROTOTYPE

This prototype uses state-of-the-art artificial intelligence, including a vision-language model (VLM) capable of reading handwritten documents as well as typed and printed text, to create searchable transcriptions of digitized materials in the Hunt Institute Archives. This makes it possible to search the textual contents of individual pages, including material that may not be described in the archival catalog.

Use Keyword search for specific words, names, dates, scientific names, or phrases. Try Semantic search (experimental) to describe a topic, question, or kind of material when you do not know the exact wording used in the documents.

About the AI-generated transcriptions

The transcriptions are generated automatically from page images and may contain errors, especially with difficult handwriting, unusual names, multiple languages, image-quality problems, or complex layouts. They are intended primarily as a discovery aid rather than authoritative transcriptions.

Each result provides the generated transcription and links to the original digitized material and associated archival description so that readings can be checked against the source. The transcription workflow uses AI models run locally by the Hunt Institute.

About Keyword and Semantic search

Keyword search is the default and matches the wording in the transcriptions. Results contain all your terms. Use quotes for an exact phrase. Substring matching is supported, so aceae can find plant-family names ending in -aceae.

Semantic search (experimental) is useful when you know what kind of material you are looking for but do not know the words used in the documents. It ranks transcribed passages by similarity of meaning, so relevant results may not contain the exact words in your query.

Semantic queries can be broad research topics, descriptions of activities or relationships, or natural-language questions. For example:

Semantic search is not a chatbot: a question is used as a search query, and the system returns archival passages that appear conceptually related to it rather than generating an answer or summary. Short descriptions and ordinary research questions generally work better than lists of disconnected keywords. Quotation marks have no special meaning in Semantic mode. Cross-language matching may work in some cases, but it should not be treated as translation.

Keyword and Semantic search are complementary. Keyword search lets you require particular wording; Semantic search can surface differently worded passages about the same subject. Depending on the research question, trying both can reveal different useful material.

Open a result: use the prominent page-and-transcription link to see the metadata, PDF, and full transcription. Keyword-search terms are highlighted in the transcription.

Archives Collections Database (ArchivesSpace): the Collection, Item/Folder, and Digital Object links open the corresponding archival records. Collection-level dates describe the collection as a whole, not necessarily the specific item or page.

If a PDF does not load: on the detail page, use the Digital Object link, click “Go to file” in ArchivesSpace, and navigate to the page number shown here.

Current limitations
  • Automated transcriptions can contain missing or incorrect text or unintended repetition. Difficult handwriting, image quality, unusual layouts, and multiple languages can reduce accuracy. Always consult the original page image when an exact reading matters.
  • Semantic search remains experimental. Its rankings are an additional discovery aid, not a complete or definitive set of relevant results, and highly ranked pages can sometimes be only broadly related.
  • This is an active prototype. Search coverage, transcriptions, functionality, and the interface may continue to change as additional archival material is processed and the system is improved.

Semantic matches for “botanical institutions exchanging plants, seeds, and specimens”

Showing matches 21–40 among up to the top 200 ranked results.
Semantic results are ranked by similarity of meaning rather than exact wording, so relevant pages may use different language from your query. They are a discovery aid, not an exhaustive list of relevant pages.
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View page 121 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4183 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx1FF21_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
… 6. Dr. Carl Junge Victor Lane 455 Concepcion, Chile Dear Dr. Junge: Your letter of August 23rd addressed to the Botany Department of this University reached me after my recent return from Colombia, but the seeds you say that you sent were not received. As you remember, I was in Chile in 1935-36, 38-39 and 42-43. Unfortunately, I never was able to see you in Concepcion. I was to lecture there just at the time of the great earthquake and it was not possible to go later. I will be glad to exchange seeds of California plants for seeds of S. Chilean species. In this Botanical Garden we grow many species from Chile but …
View page 42 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4768 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx5FF18_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
… s used can be easily understood from country to country. It is perhaps worth mentioning here that the management of information by computer-based methods is by no means confined to collections of preserved specimens. Many of us have been concerned for a number of years in establishing unified information systems for what are spoken of as plant genetic resources. By this phrase is meant the living collections of seeds or plants which are preserved for the use of plant breeders and geneticists, and which represent the end products of many thousands of years of evolution under domestication. As an example, work is i …
View page 21 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4571 · File: 116_Van%20Schaack_Bx8FF33_r
Collection-level dates: 1918–1981
Matched passage
February 16, 1953 Professor Sir William Wright Smith, Director Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh, Scotland Dear Sir: During the next few months I hope to distribute plants of Attu Island (Aleutian Islands) collected by myself and two friends of mine during 1944-45. These will be made up into sets of from 100 to 400 sheets. Although the larger sets will con- tain up to forty per cent Gramineae such a set will contain as well a representative cross-section of the vascular flora of the island (about 300 species). The smaller sets may be rather more heavily weighted with Gramineae since our collecting was concentrated …
View page 25 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4184 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx1FF22_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
to send one set of species to your institution and a second set, without duplication to the Botanical Garden at Abo. Most of these species are easily propagated vegetatively, and in a short time you will be in a position to exchange specimens for those which you do not have but wish to acquire. If you will obtain several permits for parcels of 5 pound size, we will forward such material as we then available in May, 1953. Write back when
View page 105 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1763 · File: 135_Friesner_Bx1FF4_r
Collection-level dates: 1929–1948, n.d.
Matched passage
… Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. Jerusalem (Deutschland), Botanisches Insti- tut d. Universität. Jerusalem (Palestine), Dr. Hugo Bojko, Jerusalem-Talpiot, Binjan Um- lach. Johannesburg (South Africa), Botanical Dept., University of the Witwaters- rand. Kaukas (Lithuania), Augul sistema- tikos Kabinetas. Kepang (Fed. Malay States), Forest Research Institute. Kew (Great Britain), Royal Botanic Gardens. Kiel (Deutschland), Botanisches In- stitut der Univ., Disternbrook 17. Kirstenbosch, Newlands (South Africa), The Curator, Bolus Herbarium (Uni- versity of Cape Town). Knoxville, Tennessee (U.S.A.), Univer- sity …
View page 118 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1737 · File: 72_Degener_Bx12FF1B_r
Collection-level dates: 1915–1985, n.d.
Matched passage
… to all sorts of useful conditions and to protect itself against harmful conditions. 4. An idea of what is meant by evolution from a generalized to a specialized type. 5. Something of what sex means in seed plants and the methods of insuring cross fertilization. 6. A set of technical terms through whose use you can identify plants by means of keys. 7. Some development of your powers of seeing and interpreting common things and also of getting control of your hands in delicate manipulation and drawing. 8. Possibly a set of specimens which shall keep these principles fresh in your mind (if you ever look at them agai …
View page 6 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4217 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx3FF57_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
Botanical Garden or as pressed specimens to enrich the representation of South American floras in the University Herbarium. Usually a considerable number of duplicate specimens were pressed for purposes of exchange by the Herbarium with scientific institutions throughout the world. The total number of living and dried collections was approximately 11,000. In terms of scientific significance this is one of the outstanding collections of plants that has been made in Peru. 2) Evidence was obtained which will solve problems of classification in certain plant groups especially well represented in the Peruvian floras. …
View page 119 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4183 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx1FF21_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
(Austria), Vienna, January 15th 1947. To the Director of Botanical Garden, California University, U.S.A. Dear sir, Please send me kindly a little parcel of seeds of the following plants for scientific and agricultural experiments: Carya alba, Castanea crenata, Citrus trifoliata, Oryza montana, Opuntia tuna (non spinosa: Luther Bushan), Pinus edulis, Physalis peruviana, Sorghum nervosum (Kochian), Thea sinensis, Zizania aquatica, Trapa. I should send you as an exchange Austrian seeds or plants for herbarium. Yours very truly, Harry Jungbauer, Agrar Research and (Hortus microclimaticus) Vienna (Wien) 65, Lerchengas …
View page 7 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1563 · File: 40_Slate_Bx4FF3r
Collection-level dates: 1949–1967, n.d.
Matched passage
co-ordination or correlation and with occasional duplication.* These institutions and agencies were of varied origin and status. While each had a somewhat distinct field, in some respects these fields overlapped. There were occasional disagreements between the various staffs. Two of these institutions withered on the vine.† The Arnold Arboretum, however, founded in 1872, not only gained world-wide distinction in the field of horticulture, but also obtained more funds than any of the other so-called "orphan institutions." The Arboretum was developed with consummate skill and indefatigable industry by Professor Cha …
View page 37 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4713 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx4FF4_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
is a lot of plant material. There are perhaps two other institutions in the U.S. with herbaria to compare with this one in New York. One is in Washington--the National Herbarium--and the other is at Harvard University--the combined Gray Herbarium and Arnold Arboretum Herbarium. Each of these three major institutions has about three million specimens. There are other institutions, many others. Missouri Botanical Garden has about one and a half million, and the Chicago Museum has about two million specimens. Philadelphia has about one million, and many universities, with the exception of Harvard which stands well a …
View page 125 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1677 · File: 72_Degener_Bx6FF25_r
Collection-level dates: 1915–1985, n.d.
Matched passage
of costly books or photostats. It may be of interest to note that herbarium specimens in recent years have gone to the institutions cryptically mentioned below: N.Y.B.G. Cincinnati Smithsonian Rutgers Bishop Munich (Dr. Merxmüller) Arnold Graz (Dr. Widder) Kew Cornell Univ. Mass. Bailey Hort. Berlin Leiden Vienna (Dr. Wimmer) U.C.L.A. Chicago (Dr. Sherff) Denver Mich. Stanford Minn. Lund British Mus. Butler Geneve Brown Mo. Notre Dame Degner (Dr. Yuncker) Brisbane Goteborg (Dr. Skottsberg) Sydney Leiden Kagoshima Ottowa Nagoya Tokyo Kyoto Gifts to Japanese institutions, for instance, were prompted by our desire f …
View page 101 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4779 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx5FF29_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
B119 these institutions, we have the best opportunity to know what needs conservation, where the plants grow (geographic and environmental data), and where one may find may samples of the plant material, if these exist in some conservation program. Larger botanical gardens frequently maintain and propagate plants which they are willing to distribute to other institutions upon request. Lists of these are index semina. There are other sources of plant material that frequently are not recognized as genetic resource conservation but still provide a broad range of plant material that would otherwise not be generally a …
View page 104 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1763 · File: 135_Friesner_Bx1FF4_r
Collection-level dates: 1929–1948, n.d.
Matched passage
… e Sciences Building. Berk. Berlin-Dahlem (Deutschland), Botanisches Museum, Kön. Luise-Str. 6-8, B. Berlin (Schleswig-Holstein), Sønderborg Institute, Altenbergrat 21. Bern. Birmingham (Great Britain), The Botanical Department, The University. Birn. Bloemfontein (South Africa), University College of Orange Free State. Blf. Bloomfield Hills, Mich. (U.S.A.), Cranbrook Inst. of Sci. & Tech. Blm. Bonn (Deutschland), Botanische Anstalten d. Universität, Poppelsdorfer Schloss. Bonn. Boston, Mass. (U.S.A.), Dept. of Materia Medica & Botany, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. Bost. Boulder, Color. (U.S.A.), University of …
View page 64 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #989 · File: 319_Love_Bx2FF34r
Collection-level dates: 1950–1987
Matched passage
… ovided with extensive computer facilities. It is recommended that the president of the organizing committee and if possible the chairman of the editorial committee be leading botanists from one of the main botanical institutions in America, which could co-sponsor the project with the university having the secretariat. The third step will be to find support for the work of the secretariat. It is anticipated that the university will furnish space and allow one of its professors, the secretary of the project, to spend half-time on this work. IBM facilities are available at a nominal charge. The project will, however …
View page 16 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1781 · File: 135_Friesner_Bx3FF6_r
Collection-level dates: 1929–1948, n.d.
Matched passage
… ity Indianapolis, Indiana Dear Professor Friesner: I have your letter of August 17 in regard to exchange material. I assume that you are receiving our "Contributions from the University Herbarium" in exchange for your botanical publications. Therefore I have expected to return plant specimens in exchange for your sendings. According to our records you have sent us 317 specimens, and we have sent you 187. We have a good collection of Kentucky plants which has resulted from a recent doctoral investigation by one of our students. We can send this to you if you are interested. Yours truly, E. B. Mains Director EBM/Se
View page 122 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4170 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx1FF8_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
… Department of Botany Campus Dear Dr. Goodspeed: In reply to your recent inquiry about obtaining such herbarium supplies as genus covers, species folders and newsprint to initiate your program of preparing specimens as vouchers of research, I may say that we will be glad to cooperate in every way possible. It is the established policy of the Herbarium to encourage the preparation and permanent preservation of voucher specimens of research in all fields of botany. To facilitate the preservation of slides showing cytological preparations, we have prepared special slide holders so that slides may be safely mounted d …
View page 48 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4201 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx2FF39_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
… T PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA TO: Dr. T. H. Goodspeed, Department of Botany, University of California, BERKELEY, Calif. October 24, 1949 (Date) The specimens mentioned below are being forwarded to you by parcel post in 1 packages as: EXCHANGE ☐ GIFT ☑ LOAN ☐ RETURN OF LOAN ☐ DESCRIPTION OF SPECIMENS 6 unmounted specimens and 2 mounted specimens of Nicotiana from South America. 6 packets of seed. NOTES: I would appreciate having your identifications for these. Please keep the unmounted sheets and return the others. Our exchange records show a balance of spe …
View page 35 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1570 · File: 72_Degener_Bx1FF4_r
Collection-level dates: 1915–1985, n.d.
Matched passage
POSTKARTE Deutsches Reich Das Botanische Museum sendet Ihnen im Austausch 1 Ex.Pflanzenreicht 102 das mit gleicher Post als etwgeschri Drucksache an Sie abgeht. In vorzüglicher Hochachtung Bibliothek Botanisches Garten u. Museum Berlin-Buchholz Waialua, Oahu Hawaii
View page 13 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4010 · File: 296_Lowy_Bx4FF35_r
Collection-level dates: 1949–1990
Matched passage
Institution Location Founded Number of specimens OTHER U.S. HERBARIA Cornell University Ithaca, N.Y. 1871 290,000 (Wiegand Herbarium) 100,000 (Plant Path. Herb.) 315,000 (Cultivated Plants) Harvard University Cambridge, Mass. 1864 1,485,000 (Gray Herbarium) 1919 1,000,000 (Farlow Herbarium) 1923 18,000 (Economic Herbarium) ? 95,000 (Orchid Herbarium) National Fungus Collections Beltsville, Md. 1869 675,000 Michigan State University East Lansing 1863 190,000 New York Botanical Garden New York 1891 3,000,000 University of California Berkeley 1872 1,225,000 University of Iowa Iowa City 1870 200,000 University of Ill …
View page 159 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #3872 · File: 296_Lowy_Bx1FF1_r
Collection-level dates: 1949–1990
Matched passage
Institution Location Founded Number of specimens OTHER U.S. HERBARIA Cornell University Ithaca, N.Y. 1871 290,000 (Wiegand Herbarium) 100,000 (Plant Path. Herb.) 315,000 (Cultivated Plants) Harvard University Cambridge, Mass. 1864 1,485,000 (Gray Herbarium) 1919 1,000,000 (Farlow Herbarium) 1923 18,000 (Economic Herbarium) ? 95,000 (Orchid Herbarium) National Fungus Collections Beltsville, Md. 1869 675,000 Michigan State University East Lansing 1863 190,000 New York Botanical Garden New York 1891 3,000,000 University of California Berkeley 1872 1,225,000 University of Iowa Iowa City 1870 200,000 University of Ill …
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