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which a thorough change in botanical science took its start. At the same time at which Beck, Grün- ninger and Knoblouch still offered their readers illustrations that were between 30 and 45 years old, their colleague Hans Schott published the herbal of Otto Brunfels, which in text and illustrations is far superior to all its predecessors.

[Reprinted from The Popular Science Monthly, May, 1904.] ENGLISH HERBALS. BY AGNES ROBERTSON, B.Sc., UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON IN the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries there was a renewal of the scientific spirit, as well as the more obvious revival in art and letters of which we commonly speak as the Renaissance. Among the most striking of the many visible fruits of this revival were numerous herbals, in which all the plants then known were enumerated, described and often beautifully figured. The earliest English example with which I am acquainted is a small, black-letter, anonymous volume published in 1525. Th …

2 herbals of the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries. This plant was chosen for special illustration because, after an early period in which its healing powers were held in high esteem, it passed through a time when its use was obsolete except in folk medicine, but it has now been reinstated and has received medical and scientific recognition. A study dealing with a more specialised theme is B. Hryniewiecki's account of Anton Schneeberger (1530 - 1581) ein Schüler Konrad Gesners in Polen (Veröffentlichungen des Geobot. Inst., Rübel in Zürich. 13, 1938). Schneeberger belonged to a Bavarian family settled in Zürich, …

History and Bibliography of Botanical Book Illustration Die botanische Buchillustration IHRE GESCHICHTE UND BIBLIOGRAPHIE by Dr. CLAUS NISSEN Two volumes in 4to. THIS WORK, written in German by the librarian of the Mainz City Library, is the first attempt to present a complete survey of the History and Bibliography of Botanical Illustration of all countries from the invention of printing down to the present day. Every librarian, book-collector, bookseller and botanist knows how difficult it is to collate old botanical books. There was until recently no reliable reference work which could be consulted to find out …

… probably taught the art of herbarium-making by Ghini, and disseminated it among his pupils. The interchange of dried plants between savants played a very important part in the beginning of scientific systematics, and illustrations often seem to have been drawn from them. This is shown by the fact that in August 1563 Conrad Gesner wrote to Johannes Bauhin, "At this time I cannot occupy the artist with dried plants: he can scarcely now paint all the fresh and living examples: I put off the dried specimens to the winter, when there will be no opportunity of getting living ones". The oldest herbaria usually consisted

17 April 1934 Dear Professor Jepson, I am planning to have my second volume of the Illustrated Flora ready for the press early in the autumn. This will include the Choripetalae from the Polygonaceae on, and also the Sympetalae up to and including the Primulaceae. Please let me know how you are getting along with the Eriogomeae, and when you would like to discuss the question of illustrations. I have on hand quite a number of drawings of Eriogonum, Chorizanthe etc, but by no means all of them. I am deeply sorry that I missed your Research lecture. Every one speaks very highly of it. I congratulate you on the honor …

… h cuts in metal, excavated in the manner of a wood block. On this point I express no opinion. I have dwelt on the origin and artistic character of these figures because they have a special bearing upon the early German "Herbals", of which I shall have to speak. THE GERMAN HERBALS. 1.- "Herbarius", also called "Herbarius in Latino, Aggregator de Simplicibus, Herbarius Moguntinus, Herbarius Patavinus, Etc.". This is the first work printed in Germany with woodcuts of plants. The edition of Mainz, 1484, was certainly the first printed in Germany. The question of its priority to an edition printed in the Low Countries …

… the most important hand-painted florilegia and collections of original flower paintings scattered in various museums and libraries throughout the world. This is something that has never been attempted for botanical drawings and would, in my opinion, add great prestige to the Hunt Botanical Library, would be of enormous value to A and B, and of considerable interest to C and D. It is hardly necessary for me to mention the kind of work that I have in mind, but the following are one or two obvious examples: the hundred or more volumes of vélines at the Muséum of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris; the Walther florilegiu …

As regards "The Art of Botanical Illustration", I have yet to receive the proofs of the index, so publication before June is unlikely. Blunt wrote the book, then handed it over to me; he had dealt admirably with the major figures in the history of botanical illustration, approaching their work from the standpoint of the art critic primarily interested in technique and aesthetic effect, but a large number of lesser known people, whose work is of great interest and sometimes very important from a scientific standpoint, had not come to his notice. I therefore contributed accounts of Belleva, Sturm, Habram, Miss Page …

… the most important hand-painted florilegia and collections of original flower paintings scattered in various museums and libraries throughout the world. This is something that has never been attempted for botanical drawings and would, in my opinion, add great prestige to the Hunt Botanical Library, would be of enormous value to A and B, and of considerable interest to C and D. It is hardly necessary for me to mention the kind of work that I have in mind, but the following are one or two obvious examples: the hundred or more volumes of vélines at the Muséum of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris; the Walther florilegiu …

… the most important hand-painted florilegia and collections of original flower paintings scattered in various museums and libraries throughout the world. This is something that has never been attempted for botanical drawings and would, in my opinion, add great prestige to the Hunt Botanical Library, would be of enormous value to A and B, and of considerable interest to C and D. It is hardly necessary for me to mention the kind of work that I have in mind, but the following are one or two obvious examples: the hundred or more volumes of vélines at the Muséum of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris; the Walther florilegiu …

Jaccard P (1893) [A. 370, c. 26.77] 80 A chronological list of the 2 botant books events many tremendous extent to mind in Itelias were promulg. Matteo Plateario, Curia Instans. 1100 1479, de Dynamica Herbarum Maleri Botanici Rome 1500 Leonardo de Vinci undertook the true nature fersit. 1533 M Repubblica Venice funded 5 furs- chain of simples "La prima Cattedra dei Semplici) at University Padua 1530-40, Luca Ghini Professor in Bologna e Poi in Pise made the first herbarium. The herbarm? Aldrovandi a Bologna(1553) & Cesalpino ai Florenza (1563) both students? Ghini: Inettulis "Diversi" on Descrived' translated int …

… 903 - 1940 (repr. 1964) Basic - one can survive (though not very happily) if one has Pritzel. Nissen, C. - Die Botanische Buchillustration (2 vols. & Suppl.) Stuttgart: Hiersemann:1951; 1966 Essential if you are going to do anything with illustrated books. The notes on authors, illustrators, engravers, and publishers give this a very broad usefullness. Arber, A. - Herbals, Their Origin and Evolution (ed. 2) Cambridge: University Press: 1938 Blunt, W. and Stearn, W. T. - The Art of Botanical Illustration London: Collins: 1951 Stafleu, F. A. - Taxonomic Literature Utrecht: F. A. Stafleu: 1967 (Regnum Vegetabile 52)

… es. Let us know look at the works of these men in more detail. As remarked above Dioskorides survives to us in the 6th century Codex Aniciae Julianae in Vienna. The first slides show how lifelike the plant illustrations could be. This Rubus ( ) is identifiable essentially to species, namely fruticosus, the commoner bramble of Europe. Note the text in Greek, in which language Dioskorides wrote, and the Arabic notations, -- the Codex was purchased in 1570 from a resident of Constantinople, a Jew who may have bought it from an Arab. A tracing of this ( ) as found in Gunther's edition of Goodyer's translation of Dios …

… ve when judged by the standard of the present day, especially as regards the stress laid on the 'virtues' of the plants, yet it shows that great progress had been made since the publication of the earliest herbals. He divides all plants into seventeen classes, some of which are quite satisfactory, while others, such as No. 14, which includes 'Marsh, Water and Sea Plants, and Mosses and Mushrooms,' are a trifle too comprehensive! There is something charmingly naive about the titles of his fifteenth and seventeenth classes. These are 'The Unordered Tribe' and 'Strange and Outlandish Plants.' Early in the next centu …

… 29 Gerard 59, 61, 77 Historie des Plantes de l'Europe (Beaumont) 71 William Turner's Herbal 97 Thomas Hill (Puritanical Art of Gardening) 98 Coll. of Herbs at S.W. Polytechnic 101 Letters for Pup Holes 102 Herbals or Herbals Agnes Robertson Sept. 1901. Herbal's Natural History of Plants Rhygoteomoi. A guild in Ancient Greece whose members collected and prepared such roots, herbs as were considered to be curative or either sold them themselves, or caused them to be sold by the Apothecaries. As late as the sixteenth century plants were looked at from a purely utilitarian point of view. People clung to the notion th …

… riginale zu Holzschnitten im Brunfels'schen Kräuterbuch. 44 pp., 15 coloured plates, Bern, 1936. When, a few years ago, Professor Walther Rytz of the University of Bern was reviewing the collections in the Botanical Institute, he brought to light an herbarium in nine folio volumes, whose existence had been forgotten for more than a century. The history of these volumes, so far as it could then be traced, was that in 1806 they had been received by a bookseller in Bern from a dealer in Zurich who owed him four Louis d'Or which he was unable to pay; six years later the Bern dealer sold the nine folios for a single L …

BERKELEY: DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 14 June 1949 Dr. T. H. Goodspeed Department of Botany Campus Dear Dr. Goodspeed: Thank you for the photostat copies of drawings of the 59 species and varieties of Nicotiana which you presented to the Herbarium. Inasmuch as there is no data (other than name) accompanying the illustrations, perhaps it would be advisable to add data for each species from the monograph when it is available. Sincerely, Lincoln Constance Professor of Botany Curator of Seed Plants

… osses, Mushrooms, Coral, & their several kinds." Came the wild hyacinth, the harebell Tyne of Saracenia, copied from Clusius, who saw it round The figure with one oval leaf from an apothecary of Prato who himself received it from Lisbon. Gerard gives the figure "for the sharpness thereof," but hopes that some other that travel into foreign parts may find this elegant plant, & know it by this small expression, or bring it home with them. That so we may come to a perfect knowledge thereof. Many of the figures are taken direct from earlier herbals such as Lobel. 1800 wood cut, vol 16 of what was original But not now

himself is generally credited with having made the woodcut. So far as is known, this is the first publication of an illustration of a gardener working with ornamental plants. On p. 6, in your Parkinson account, you report that Parkinson's Theatrum and Gerard's Herbal were the two main pillars of botany in England till the time of Ray. Here, one must not forget the significance in England of Henry Lyte's translation of Dodoen's Herbal, which he named "A Niewe Herball" (1758), so popular and so much in demand at that time as to go-through two subsequent editions extending the contents far beyond Dodoen's original. …