Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
A Research Division of Carnegie Mellon University

Hunt Institute Archives Text Discovery Platform

Search a large and growing portion of our online collections, including handwritten documents.
PROTOTYPE

This prototype uses state-of-the-art artificial intelligence, including a vision-language model (VLM) capable of reading handwritten documents as well as typed and printed text, to create searchable transcriptions of digitized materials in the Hunt Institute Archives. This makes it possible to search the textual contents of individual pages, including material that may not be described in the archival catalog.

Use Keyword search for specific words, names, dates, scientific names, or phrases. Try Semantic search (experimental) to describe a topic, question, or kind of material when you do not know the exact wording used in the documents.

About the AI-generated transcriptions

The transcriptions are generated automatically from page images and may contain errors, especially with difficult handwriting, unusual names, multiple languages, image-quality problems, or complex layouts. They are intended primarily as a discovery aid rather than authoritative transcriptions.

Each result provides the generated transcription and links to the original digitized material and associated archival description so that readings can be checked against the source. The transcription workflow uses AI models run locally by the Hunt Institute.

About Keyword and Semantic search

Keyword search is the default and matches the wording in the transcriptions. Results contain all your terms. Use quotes for an exact phrase. Substring matching is supported, so aceae can find plant-family names ending in -aceae.

Semantic search (experimental) is useful when you know what kind of material you are looking for but do not know the words used in the documents. It ranks transcribed passages by similarity of meaning, so relevant results may not contain the exact words in your query.

Semantic queries can be broad research topics, descriptions of activities or relationships, or natural-language questions. For example:

Semantic search is not a chatbot: a question is used as a search query, and the system returns archival passages that appear conceptually related to it rather than generating an answer or summary. Short descriptions and ordinary research questions generally work better than lists of disconnected keywords. Quotation marks have no special meaning in Semantic mode. Cross-language matching may work in some cases, but it should not be treated as translation.

Keyword and Semantic search are complementary. Keyword search lets you require particular wording; Semantic search can surface differently worded passages about the same subject. Depending on the research question, trying both can reveal different useful material.

Open a result: use the prominent page-and-transcription link to see the metadata, PDF, and full transcription. Keyword-search terms are highlighted in the transcription.

Archives Collections Database (ArchivesSpace): the Collection, Item/Folder, and Digital Object links open the corresponding archival records. Collection-level dates describe the collection as a whole, not necessarily the specific item or page.

If a PDF does not load: on the detail page, use the Digital Object link, click “Go to file” in ArchivesSpace, and navigate to the page number shown here.

Current limitations
  • Automated transcriptions can contain missing or incorrect text or unintended repetition. Difficult handwriting, image quality, unusual layouts, and multiple languages can reduce accuracy. Always consult the original page image when an exact reading matters.
  • Semantic search remains experimental. Its rankings are an additional discovery aid, not a complete or definitive set of relevant results, and highly ranked pages can sometimes be only broadly related.
  • This is an active prototype. Search coverage, transcriptions, functionality, and the interface may continue to change as additional archival material is processed and the system is improved.

Semantic matches for “botanical institutions exchanging plants, seeds, and specimens”

Showing matches 41–60 among up to the top 200 ranked results.
Semantic results are ranked by similarity of meaning rather than exact wording, so relevant pages may use different language from your query. They are a discovery aid, not an exhaustive list of relevant pages.
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View page 20 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1774 · File: 135_Friesner_Bx2FF7_r
Collection-level dates: 1929–1948, n.d.
Matched passage
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA January 13, 1942 Dr. Ray C. Friesner Department of Botany Butler University Indianapolis, Indiana Dear Dr. Friesner I am glad to acknowledge the safe arrival of 164 specimens, chiefly of Indiana plants, which have been credited to exchange with your institution. The material is very attractive and well-prepared, and it is a pleasure to add it to our collections. With very best wishes for the new year. Sincerely Lincoln Constance Assistant Curator, Herbarium LO:pw
View page 66 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4170 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx1FF8_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
… ERBIER BOISSIER UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE INSTITUT DE BOTANIQUE SYSTEMATIQUE Dr.: Prof. B.P.G. Hochreutiner VILLE DE GENEVE Geneve, (Suisse) le 31 octobre 1939. ROUTE DE LAUSANNE, 192 Professor H. J. Goodspeed, Botanical Department University of California Berkeley Calif. U. S. A. Dear Professor Goodspeed, I have a letter from Mr. Eyerdam informing me that you are in charge of the botanical specimens collected in South America by the University of California Expedition to Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. He says that the University of Berkeley would be disposed to exchange a set of these plants with duplicate speci …
View page 3 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4295 · File: 131_Fogg_Bx2FF29_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1981
Matched passage
THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY October 10, 1934 Professor John M. Fogg, Jr. Botanical Laboratory University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Professor Fogg: My answer to yours of the 2nd instance has been delayed a few days on account of the pressure of other duties coming the opening of the academic year. Please be assured however that I am interested in what you have suggested and I trust that we may enter into an exchange agreement. During the past four or five months we have accumulated a large number of nice specimens; some through collection and some through exchan …
View page 78 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1589 · File: 72_Degener_Bx2FF14_r
Collection-level dates: 1915–1985, n.d.
Matched passage
12-8/55 plenty of time to botanize and exchange or sell herbarium specimens I would like more mosses and lichens from H.I. I asked to be retired last June so have plenty of time to botanize and herp in our flower garden, etc. I have the Green and Blanquart Botany Book and consider it a superb piece of work, especially the many fine drawings by Mrs. Green herself. If your next vol. on H. Flora is completed? let me know and I will send check for same as I do want to know more about H. Flora before I myself will visit there. Fondest love from Grace and Paul Schaller Dear Degeners - How many times I've thought of you …
View page 98 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1815 · File: 146_Rudd_Bx2FF4_r
Collection-level dates: 1933–1979
Matched passage
April 13, 1966 Dr. Robert L. Wilbur Department of Botany Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27706 Dear Bob: Thank you for the 107 plant specimens that you recently sent as exchange. Your letter stating your desiderata has been circulated among the phanerogam staff members and, I trust, an effort will be made to send you some choice items. Actually, the only Smithsonian collectors of flowering plants in Middle America in recent years have been Dan Nicolson and Wally Ernst. I have no idea how many duplicates they have prepared. Most specimens we get either as straight exchange or in exchange for names. If the l …
View page 71 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4193 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx2FF31_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
The Botanical Institute of the Charles University 2 Benátská Praha 2. Czechoslovakia. Prague 14 July 1947 Dear Sirs, For the anatomical research purposes I should like to secure some seeds, of about 20, of Sophora secundiflora Lag./syn.Sophora speciosa Benth./ Furthermore for the same purpose, about the same quantity, of seeds of Erythrina americana Mill./syn.Erythrina carnea Dryand./ but in this case seeds germinating. As I suppose that your distinguished institution may dispose of these specimens I should be very much obliged and indebted to you if you will be kind enough to supply me with these.If practicable …
View page 54 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4201 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx2FF39_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
… vice Building, Ottawa, Ontario, November 27, 1952. Dr. T.H. Goodspeed, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., U.S.A. Dear Dr. Goodspeed: We have on hand about one hundred pressed specimens of Nicotiana collected from plants grown in the test nursery of the Division of the Experimental Farm, here at Ottawa. Some were collected in 1948 and others in 1952, so there may be duplicates of the same culture. The seed was received from various sources, but mainly from other institutions through our seed exchange service, and consequently the data on source are often inadequate and the names unde …
View page 81 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4778 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx5FF28_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
What in fact can botanical gardens and arboreta do to promote a better understanding of the endangered-species issue and actually to conserve genetic resources? By their very nature they are treasuries of botanical diversity, growing everything from algae to redwoods and displaying a wide array of native and exotic species and cultivars. It is not uncommon for them to maintain several thousand species in a score of natural or simulated habitats. Regardless of the quality and extent of documentation, the mere fact that such an aggregation of genotypes is consistently maintained gives it conservation value and argu …
View page 62 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #5022 · File: 179_Langman_Bx1FF28_r
Collection-level dates: 1919–1980
Matched passage
3 special recognition for having accumulated, in the brief period of its existence, 40,000 mounted specimens. A word about the library. It was started through the presentation, by Dr. A.J. Sharp, of Knoxville, Tenn., of his personal library. Additional material was contributed by Dr. Ian Baker, of the British Embassy in Mexico. The collection now numbers approximately 3700 volumes, while the hemeroteca (the collection of periodical literature) now contains 225 publications titles. There is a special section of reference works in the library covering the entire field of biology and related subjects, with a very la …
View page 71 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1558 · File: 40_Slate_Bx2FF4r
Collection-level dates: 1949–1967, n.d.
Matched passage
… utes, for administrative and budgetary purposes, each under its own Chairman (par. 64, R. 82). One of the Institutes, denominated the "Institute of Research in General Plant Morphology", was to include the institutions and fields of research dependent upon accumulations of preserved material, such as taxonomy, phytogeography (the study of fossil plants), comparative anatomy, and the descriptive aspects of economic botany. The specific institutions or collections recommended to be included in the Institute for Research in General Plant Morphology were the Gray Herbarium, the Farlow Library and Herbarium, the herba …
View page 26 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4184 · File: 182_Goodspeed_Bx1FF22_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1963
Matched passage
shipping it would seem best to send one set of species to your institution and a second set, without duplication to the Botanical Garden at Abo. Most of these species are easily propagated vegetatively, and in a short time you will be in a position to exchange specimens for those which you do not have but wish to acquire. If you will obtain several permits for parcels of five pounds size, we will forward such material as is then available in May, 1953. With best wishes THG:T Sincerely,
View page 40 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1782 · File: 135_Friesner_Bx3FF7_r
Collection-level dates: 1929–1948, n.d.
Matched passage
Regulations of the American Botanical Exchange. Geo. L. Fisher, 611 West Pierce Ave., Houston 6, Texas, U.S.A. The Exchange is to aid educational institutions, teachers and persons to make a collection of plant material for the Herbarium. The only conditions are that the Exchanger pays all postage and $0.50 for each herbarium sheet exchanged as part payment for printing the Exchange List. The same number of sheets to be chosen from the List of 5000 species. Write for the complete List. A limited number for sale at $0.50 each and postage. 10 sheets or less of species not on the List accepted. Free exchange and ret …
View page 22 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #3926 · File: 296_Lowy_Bx2FF20_r
Collection-level dates: 1949–1990
Matched passage
… of Botany University of Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana Dear Dr. Lowy: I am writing at the suggestion of Dr. Helen M. Gilkey to inquire if someone at your institution would be interested in an exchange of botanical teaching material for herbarium specimens. We are desirous of securing good specimens for the Herbarium reference and for classes use in our courses in systematic botany. The immediate cause for this inquiry is the discovering of the fact that we do not have material for: Leitneria floridana of which we would like to have specimens showing both flowers and fruit. I would be glad to take up corresponde …
View page 6 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4779 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx5FF29_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
Botanical Garden functions 1. Horticulture (Floriculture) Temperate zone Tropical/temperate herbaceous 2. Systematics research - Regional - Herbaria sometimes National - " " International - Herbacia 3. Other research - Mycology/plant pathology - Physiology Genetics/Plant Breeding 4. Teaching Formal courses (University related) Public education - 5. Publication + library- Ranging from popular to scientific
View page 9 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4261 · File: 131_Fogg_Bx1FF23_r
Collection-level dates: 1923–1981
Matched passage
… tanic Garden, McFarlane Hall, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Dear Professor True: While engaged in an attempt to fill certain blanks in our herbarium, I have come across the names of several plants which are said to grow in Pennsylvania, a list of which is en- closed. Do you have available duplicates of any of these plants, which you could offer to us in exchange for plants of the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia? I would like very much to establish an exchange with your institution and would be glad to send you, say, 100 specimens, of your choice, in return for any of those on my enclosed li …
View page 11 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #5086 · File: 179_Langman_Bx3FF53_r
Collection-level dates: 1919–1980
Matched passage
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS IN COOPERATION WITH UNESCO Botanical Section of the International Union of Biological Sciences INT. PLANT SCIENCE RELATIONS AND PHYTOHISTORICAL COMMISSION from the chairman: CHRONICA BOTANICA HOUSE Waltham, 54, Mass., U.S.A. Telephone: Wa. 5-0600 Cables: Flora Chairman: FRANS VERDOORN Executive Secretary: HILDE DE VRIES 19 23 53 vi Dear Miss Largent: Under separate cover, I send, with my best compliments, a copy of Taylor's HOKUS. You will not find anything of interest in the section Botany, but much useful information in the sections, particularly Mayer's lists of herba …
View page 203 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1741 · File: 72_Degener_Bx13FF1_r
Collection-level dates: 1915–1985, n.d.
Matched passage
Dr. C. FARRON Curator of Plant Collections University Botanical Institute P.O. Box 246 CH – 4009 BASLE Herbarium of nongerminative seeds and other diaspores Dear [Name] As you are perhaps aware, we have established a museum-type seed and fruit collection in Basle. At the present time (January 1980) it contains about 13,000 species represented by 25,000 items, i.e. the greater part of the species readily available by exchange between botanical gardens throughout the world. The great problem with these garden seeds is their accurate identification. We can proceed only by direct comparison or, to a lesser degree, by …
View page 12 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4740 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx4FF31_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
May 5, 1969 INFORMAL CONFERENCE ON DATA PROCESSING IN THE HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The early formative years of the world's great museums and botanical gardens were devoted to building up plant collections. There are now about 17 institutions in Europe and North America with holdings of over 2,000,000 specimens. Sheer size has long been considered a sign of excellence, but few would argue that further significant increases in numbers of specimens in large herbaria actually enhance the value of the collections proportionately. On the contrary, size alone brings into sharper focus two …
View page 60 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #4777 · File: 231_Rogers_Bx5FF27_r
Collection-level dates: 1948–1977
Matched passage
BOTANICAL GARDENS, ARBORETA AND GENETIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION The role of botanical gardens and arboreta as institutions of fundamental importance in genetic resources conservation is frequently overlooked by those in agriculture, but these institutions have long played a central role in these functions. The distinction between botanical gardens and arboreta is that (theoretically) the arboreta grow only woody shrubs and trees and botanical gardens are not confined to one type of plant or other. In practice, however, the differences are very small. Commonly, these institutions are thought to be only for the purp …
View page 53 and transcription
Digital Object: DO #1767 · File: 135_Friesner_Bx1FF8_r
Collection-level dates: 1929–1948, n.d.
Matched passage
Colegio de San José Medellín Colombia S.A. Wishes to exchange herbarium specimens for monographs or scientific publications dealing with Colombia or other S. A. Flora. If we have no such he would like specimens of Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae and Ericaceae. Postal restrictions at present do not permit packages over 500 grams in weight outgoing from Colombia. Muy agraciado Dr.Friesner: Su atenta comunicación del 8 del presente mes ha llegado oportunamente y se la agradezco sinceramente. Grandemente me ha interesado su propuesta de cambio de material de ejemplares botánicos; aquí tropiezo con una pequeña dificultad p …
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