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4 - 7 what we use today is nothing more than refinements of the species and variations man had grown long before any science was developed. The kinds of wheat and their variation Following Vavilov's classification, there are fourteen species in the genus Triticum, only two of which are wild. The twelve others are cultivated. The fourteen species fall into three distinct groups, divided by their chromosome complement, as follows: diploid, with 7 pairs of chromosomes, (2x) 2 species; tetraploid, with 14 pairs of chromosomes, 7 species; and hexaploid, with 21 pairs of chromosomes, 5 species. The first knowledge that …

Resume' of cassava study for Jamaica, July 12, 1954 In order that any group of plants useful to man may be most fruitful, it is essential to utilize the most productive plants of that group. Often plants are maintained merely because of some preference of an emotional nature, not for reason of most productiveness. It is impossible to make a wise choice of plants for a particular purpose unless a thorough knowledge of all clones, varieties, or species of the group under consideration is available. It is possible, with a thorough classification, to proceed with the process of selection for any purpose, whether for …

… enient to use only a few comprehensive genera, that convenience diminishes when these genera become unwieldy large so that even a critical key ceases to be useful for their identification. Exact biological classification that reflects the processes of evolution is especially important for plants of economic importance, because it is basic for various methods used for their improvement in the notably plant breeding which is mainly based on the application of the processes of hybridization rarely includes the mixing of good species or well established genera for the simple reason that well defined species of genera …

COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants dated May, 1957, by Dr. E. Sinskaya 1. Section B (4) - "supplementary categories", (b) - "within a species, or intraspecific hybrid, which includes a large number of varieties (cultivars), assemblages of similar varieties (cultivars) may receive distinguishing as groups". It seems to me that the term "groups" is not definite enough and may lead to confusion and misunderstanding. In particular I would draw your attention to the fact that in the practical work of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry in Leningrad we use the term "agr …

318 completed work, a proposed ten volume set, will represent Dr. Hutchinson's revision of the Bentham and Hooker Genera Plantarum. When completed, the set will provide keys to and descriptions of all known genera of flowering plants. The sequence of families which precedes the generic catalog is a summary of Hutchinson's Families of Flowering Plants, second edition. All of the flowering plant families which are to be treated in the complete set are listed by orders in this summary section. The division Lignosae (primarily composed of woody taxa) has 54 orders, the first seven of which are included in this initia …

Dr. Jose de Js. Jimenez - 2 - May 9, 1966 is a good example of a genus of plants that has never been well classified. We are attempting to use computers to aid us in the formation of a classification which can be useful to taxonomists. In Manihot, the species M. secuienta is one which is very difficult to classify because of its wide cultivation, and extreme variability. We hope the computer will aid us in making a good classification of this cultivated species. This is the sense of the terms "quantitative taxonomy." It merely is a set of works for which many synonyms exist. I trust that this description is meani …

11 REFERENCES 1 Dewey DR (1984) The genomic system of classification as a guide to inter- 2 generic hybridization with the perennial Triticeae. In: Gustafson JP 3 (ed) Gene manipulation in plant improvement. Plenum Publishing, New 4 York, London, pp. 209-279. 5 Dvořák J (1971) Hybrids between diploid Agropyron elongatum and Aegilops 6 squarrosa. Can J Genet Cytol 13:90-94. 7 Green DM, Myers PZ, Reyna DL (1984) CHROMPAC III: An improved package for 8 microcomputer-assisted analysis of karyotypes. J. Hered 75:143. 9 Heilbronn A, Kosswig C (1966) Principia genetica. Grunderkenntnisse und 10 Grundbegriffe der Vererbu …

Wheats differ from most cultivated plants in the complexity of its variations. True, the other major cereals, rice and corn, are each differentiated into thousands of varieties, but these form a continuous spectrum of varieties and hence are classed as a single botanical species. Wheat is separated into distinct groups which differ from one another in many ways and are therefore classified as separate species under the single Old World genus Triticum. The domesticated wheats and their wild relatives have been studied more intensively than any other group of plants, cultivated or wild, and from these studies, trul …

… nd these should all be fed into a data bank for most efficient record keeping. In addition to the evaluation of the collections, there should be other studies made. For example, taxonomists should base a reclassification of the plants on the new data provided from the collections and from the results of evaluation. Various computer-aided methods make it possible to reclassify plants on the basis of new evidence at the same time that collections and evaluations are being made. Often there will be cytological and genetic information, as well as analyses of various chemical constituents (i.e. amino acid profiles, ca …

… Rogers New York Botanical Garden Bronx Park New York 58, New York Dear Dr. Rogers: It would be greatly appreciated if you could send me three reprints of each of your two papers on computer programming in plant classification. "A Computer Program for Classifying Plants" from Science and part II from Bioscience, "A Numerical Handling of Non-numerical Data". Since I am attempting to develop such an approach for use in the intraspecific classification of maize into race types, I would also appreciate any other information that you could furnish such as flaw charts or other such material. Sincerely, Ralph J. Edwards …

1617 CAPPARACEAE 1619 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1641 CARICACEAE 1679 CARYOCARACEAE 1683 CARYOPHYLLACEAE 1708 CASUARINACEAE 1753 CELASTRACEAE 1778 CENTROLEPIDACEAE 1795 CEPHALOTACEAE 1797 CEPHALOTAXACEAE 1814 CERATOPHYLLACEAE 1823 CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE 1924 CHEIROLEPIDACEAE 1932 CHENOPODIACEAE 1982 CHLORANTHACEAE 2069 CISTACEAE 2109 CLETHRACEAE 2136 CNEORACEAE 2154 COCHLOSPERMACEAE 2221 COLUMELLIACEAE 2233 COMBRETACEAE 2238 COMMELINACEAE 2248 COMPOSITAE 2263 CONNARACEAE 2277 CONVOLVULACEAE 2299 CORDAITACEAE 2315 CORIARIACEAE 2321 CORNACEAE 2348 CORYLACEAE

out evolutionary development of the flora of the world, from starting from the most primitive thing along up through the ages figured how plant a is related to plant b and judging from this isn't necessarily that important. The main thing we are interested in is figuring out a scheme pf identifying plants or arranging plants for whatever purpose you (Dave) want, economic purposes, etc./ It is usually pointed out that there is no uniquely determined classification. The classification should serve the purpose of the individual who is doing it, primarily. And all that you would be

NAME OF THE FIELD REQUIREMENTS SIZE OF THE FIELD Chromosome Information Stage Write G for a gametic count and S for a somatic count 1 Alphabetic Count Write the number of chromosomes If the number is approximate, write "ca" before the number When B-chromosomes are reported, write the number of normal chromosomes, then a comma (,), then the number of B-chromosomes and finally the letter B. When a variable number of B-chromosomes is reported, write the lowest and the highest number separated by a hyphen. e.g. 22 ca24 24,3B 24,2-4B 10 Alphanumeric Origin of material Write: W for material of known wild origin (transp …

Resume' of cassava study for Jamaica, July 12, 1954 In order that any group of plants useful to man may be most fruitful, it is essential to utilize the most productive plants of that group. Often plants are maintained merely because of some preference of an emotional nature, not for reason of most productivity. It is impossible to make a wise choice of plants for a particular purpose unless a thorough knowledge of all clones, varieties, or species of the group under consideration is available. It is possible, with a thorough classification, to proceed with the process of selection for any purpose, whether for st …

… arge and/or geographically wide-spread groups. Presently implementing the TAXIR programme on a CDC 7600 computer (with Departmental Programmer Mrs. A. Wardle, B.Sc.). 4. To examine the relationship between classifications of the same taxa based on different kinds of information with a view to providing an alternative to the 'non-specificity hypothesis'. Species of Genistae (Leguminosae) are used (with Miss J. Harris reading for a Ph.D., supported by a Science Research Council Studentship). 5. To experiment with the use of karyotype data in taximetric plant classification. Species of Narcissus are used. (with Miss …

… mists in their efforts to be more exact in establishment of relationships, the tool being that of the microbiological assay which is relatively simple, and strikes at a point of fundamental significance in plant biochemistry--proteins and their basic role, (3) to establish the correct chromosome constitution of a group of plants which have been variously reported (counts ranging from n=4 to n=106, these two extremes have been questioned, but not thoroughly checked). A further objective of this work is one of far-reaching possibilities, although beyond the immediate efforts named above. In view of the fact that th …

Löve, Á. and Löve, D. 1942: Chromosome numbers of Scandinavian plant species. - Bot. Notiser 1942: 19-59. Löve, Á. and Löve, D. 1948: Chromosome numbers of Northern plant species. - Icel. Univ. Inst. Appl. Sci., Dept. of Agric., Rep. B,3: 1-131. Löve, Á. and Löve, D. 1956: Cytotaxonomical conspectus of the Icelandic flora. - Acta Horti Gotob. 20: 65-290. Löve, Á. and Löve, D. 1961: Chromosome numbers of Central and Northwest European plant species. - Opera Botanica 5: 1-581. Maude, P.F. 1939: The Merton catalogue. A list of the chromosome numerals of species of British flowering plants. - New Phytol. 38: 1-31. Mo …

PP.40-53 INTERPRETATIONS OF THE SUBGRAPHS OF MANIHOT ESCULENTA The following section is given for those interested in the detailed processes of decision on cultivar classification. The discussion contains much information about the very basic problems involved in classification of taxa whose relationships are known, or are thought to be, reticulate. While problems of reticulate relationships may be slightly different from one taxon to another, this discussion should clarify some of the methodological problems faced by taxonomists interested in the studies of such complexes. We do not know of any previous publishe …

5- clearly falls within the variability of the Siberian plant (cf. Wein, 1937), which had already been described by Turganinew (18...) as A. trigonum. This was understood as early as 1872 by Engler, and stressed especially by Wein (1937...). The cytology of the species A. graminicola was studied by Nakajima (1937), who found the plant to be a diploid with 2n = 24 chromosomes. This number was later confirmed by Weiff (1940) and Ito (1941-42), while Uralovskii (1940) counted only 2n = 22 chromosomes. This latter number and the number 2n = 18, reported for the species by Melvin-Faber (1945), are certainly to be rega …

(9) Practical Plant Breeding. This should concern the application of the science of genetics, the practical application of the knowledge of chromosomes, use of x-ray or colchicine, methods of selection and testing resulting plants, methods of description and methods of introducing valuable new plants into commerce, plant patents, etc. (10) Propagation. Theoretical studies and their practical application to seeds, cuttings, grafts, etc., with various hormones and under various conditions such as mist spray, plastic tents, outdoor frames, etc., etc. (11) Pathology and (12) Entomology. These should be studied in rel …