Hunt Institute Archives Text Discovery Platform

17. much different from that of some of the North American species, the basic chromosome number is the same, and the morphology and size of the chromosomes is similar or identical. Another group of the collective genus Swertia has the basic chromosome number x = 5 and pollen morphology and gross morphology that indicates a much closer relationship with Lomatogonium A. Br. Indeed, Smith (in Nilsson 1964, 1967a) concluded that this group of Asiatic Swertiae actually belongs to the latter genus and so he transferred a selected number of these species to Lomatogonium. According to Nilsson (1967a), the East African sp …

… ning these studies, and I told a man who is now deceased, (his name shall not, therefore, be brought before you because it isn't fair to him, since he is dead and cannot talk back) I said, "I want to study classification of Manihot esculenta." He said, "Your nuts, your absolutely nuts, you can't do anything with the classification of that bunch of things, particularly a cultivated plant." He couldn't have done a better job to set me on course by waving that kind of flag in my face. But if you stop to think how you are going to study these groups of plants such that you can make some sort of a reasonable classific …

PROCESSING TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS (1) Plants to be classified (2) Assemble data (morphologic, genetic, ecologic, physiologic, etc. Organize for processing) (3) Determine related and unrelated elements (4) Cluster (5) Organization into "formal" classification (6) Nomenclature problems (7) Identification routines (8) Application (9) Breeding programs, Analysis of drug-producing plants, etc. Evolutionary studies Ecological studies Information retrieval David J. Rogers Professor of Botany December 2, 1965

page 5 where within a limited locality such as southern Greece, people made classifications and their classifications would be on life form essentially to start with. That is, some of the earlier classifications divide plants on the basis of trees, shrubs, and herbs. And for that particular locality, such a classification would have some sort of merit. In other words, you could put a plant into some package or other. If you moved from that particular area, as frequently as people might have, and tried to use the same sort of classification, we might discover that we had some discontinuities that would fit into su …

… 1. Group I (spring flowering, spring meiosis) 2. Group la (winter flowering, fall meiosis) 3. Group II (summer flowering, summer meiosis) 4. Group III (spring flowering, fall meiosis) We employ a new concept in this study, the idea that a classification itself is an information-carrying system, and that in this sense, the sub-generic and supra-specific categories in the classification may be considered as the states of a character. Thus, the classification is a new character (No. 35) and its states are (see Fig. 1): Group I (I taxon - abietis-religiosae), Group II (I taxon - verticilliflorum), Group III (3 taxa -

… than Festuceae or Pooideae. Also Muhlenbergia, Sporobolus, Aristida, Stipa, etc. also belong in Panicoideae. Another student is working out Setaria macrostachya. He has 4 entities in it now. 1; a delicate plant from South Texas 2n = 36 and sexual. 2; 54-chromosome plants West Texas to Calif. apomict. 3; 74-chromosome apomicts from South Texas, and 4; 68-chromosome plants from South Texas also apomictic. No. 1 is without doubt a distinct species according to any one concept. It grows along with the 68- and 72-chromosome plants. Bouteloua pectinata has 2n = 20 chromosomes, B. hirsuta 2n = 24 or more. Ecologically, …

of a single character classification is likely to produce groups containing members whose relationships are heterogeneous except for the single character. The principle of overall similarity (see definition p. 20), besides giving a better reflection of the overall gene content of the cultivar, also minimizes the effect of a character that may not properly reflect the natural affinity of the cultivars. The power of this type of similarity measure has been demonstrated in several applications: Wirth et al. (1966), Orchidaceae; Irwin and Rogers (1967), Cassia, Leguminosae; Prance et al. (1969), Chrysobalanaceae; Haw …

COMPOSITAE DIPSACACEAE VALERIANACEAE UMBELLIFRAE ADOXACEAE DIPOSACALIAN STOCK CANDOLLEACEAE BRUNONIACEAE GOODENIACEAE CAPRIFOLIACEAE CORNACEAE CALYCERACEAE RUBIACEAE ARALIACEAE CUCURBITACEAE RUBIALIAN STOCK CAMPANAL STOCK UMBELLIFLORAL STOCK CUCURBITACEAE CAMPANAL STOCK CALYCIFLORAL PLEXUS 1. Double line shows progress to sympetaly. 2. (A) group exhibits racemose branching. 3. (B) group exhibits cymose branching. Tetracyclicae Inferae

Chapte II Division of Plants This chapter classifies plants into 7 kinds: Trees, shrubs, herbs, parasites, mosses, mushrooms (including truffles) p.174 Refers to "L'Apres de Fuscho" p.177-181 Chapter III Enquiry as to whether the ancients have classified plants well, whether they too are well arranged according to their species, if they have been well named. p.181 Accuses "Pera, Lobele, Tragus, Leoncel, Turnier, Dodonce, Clusius" others of having placed plants in one and the same species (genus) because they resemble one another in one point merely. p.183 He argues 14 species being brought together under the name …

… SCURLOCK ROBERT N. BERRY October 28, 1926 Mr. John M. Fogg, Jr. Department of Botany University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Mr. Fogg: I expect to be at Woods Hole next summer working on chromosomes and Dr. C. E. Allen has advised me to direct any inquiries I may wish to make concerning the local flora to you. Are there any published lists of the phanerogamic plants occurring in that region? Also, what, if any, representatives of the following families are found in the immediate vicinity: Xyridaceae, Commelinaceae, Pontederiaceae, Convallariaceae, and Iridaceae. I would be especially interested …

… aving reproductive organs very different from those of the Phanerogams. A. AETHEOGAMS (SEMI-VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS):--sex organs present; vascular tissue present, at least during some phase of the life of the plant. 1. Vascular tissue and stomata present. 204. Equisetaceae 205. Marsiliaceae 206. Lycopodiaceae 207. Ferns 2. Vascular tissue and stomata rare or absent. 208. Mosses 209. Liverworts B. AMPHIGAMS (CELLULAR CRYPTOGAMS):--sex organs and vascular tissues absent. 210. Michenes 211. Hygrolyoms (Pyrenomycetes) 212. Fungi 213. Algae CONDENSED OUTLINE OF THE SYSTEM I. PHANEROGAMAE A. Class EXOGENAE (Dicots) 1. Sub …

b) Chromosome number and particular chromosome morphology has been determined in all of the fifty-five species available and in an equal number of varieties. Investigation of chromosome morphology on a comparative basis has been made from metaphase of first division in pollen grains — and it is no mean feat to secure superior preparations of pollen grain divisions in nearly sixty different species. The following chromosome numbers are characteristic of Nicetiana species. American: 9 (3 species), 10 (2), 12 (28), 24 (9) Australasian and South Pacific: 16 (4), 18 (1), 19 (2), 20 (2), 21 (1), 22 (1), 24 (2) Tobac: 9 …

plantgeographical studies. The first of these is the study of the frequency of polyploids, the second one involves studies of the so-called life-forms. The chromosomes are the bearers of almost all the genetical substance of the living beings, and it has been known for more than half a century that their number is constant within each species in the strict meaning of that term.

… 's however possible two in some ancient stock the reproductive members may have resembled the veg. members more [In occasion less] close to a modern species - But the fact phylogenetic series in the higher plants means together no definite evidence denies this. Comparisons may be instituted, [to select us travel] between strict // (order not taxonomic) ① Serial repetition members in an individual plant e.g. cotyledon - leaf - leaf - leaf. ② the main morphological categories, — short / root. ③ convergent // members in allied plants ④ of reproductive shoots + to some species in related plants ⑤ veg. rep. Members in …

… nd these should all be fed into a data bank for most efficient record keeping. In addition to the evaluation of the collections, there should be other studies made. For example, taxonomists should base a reclassification of the plants on the new data provided from the collections and from the results of evaluation. Various computer-aided methods make it possible to reclassify plants on the basis of new evidence at the same time that collections and evaluations are being made. Often there will be cytological and genetic information, as well as analyses of various chemical constituents (i.e. amino acid profiles, ca …

4-7 044 Categories for Crop Germplasm Maintenance Plant germplasm, in the broadest sense, includes all living plants capable of reproduction. Most species, particularly the uncultivated ones, have survived without any direct aid from human beings. This category (uncultivated species) includes wild relatives and uncultivated forms of the crop species. Habitat disturbance reduces the ability of the natural ecosystems to provide plant materials that may be needed in the future. Appropriate action is needed to preserve natural ecosystems. A second category includes folk varieties, "dooryard" plants, and land races. T …

SYSTEM OF BENTHAM AND HOOKER. 1862-1889. DICOTYLEDONES. I. POLYPETALAE. Series i. THALAMIFLORAEE. Petal and stamens hypogynous. Cohort 1. RANALES. Orders. 1, Ranunculaceae; 2, Dilleniaceae; 3, Calycanthaceae; 4, Magnoliaceae; 5, Anonaceae; 6, Menispermaceae; 7, Berberidaceae; 8, Nymphaeaceae. 2. PARIETALES. Orders. 9, Sarcolaenaceae; 10, Papaveraceae; 11, Cruciferae; 12, Capparidaceae; 13, Resedaceae; 14, Cistaceae; 15, Violariaceae; 16, Ganel- laceae; 17, Birineae. 3. POLYGALINEAE. Orders. 18, Pittosporaceae; 19, Tremaendraceae; 20, Polygalaceae; 21, Vochysiaceae. 4. CARYOPHYLLINAE. Orders. 22, Frankeniaceae; 23 …

Engler--ANGIOSPERMAE--2 DICOTS (cont.) CENTROSPERMAE (78.) Chenopodiaceae (79.) Amaranthaceae (80.) Nyttaginaceae (83.) Phytolaccaceae (83.) Gyrostemonaceae (83.) Achatocarpaceae (84.) Alizocasae (85.) Portulacaceae (86.) Basellaceae (87.) Caryophyllaceae RANALES (88.) Nymphaeaceae (89.) Ceratophyllaceae (90.) Trochodendraceae (90a.) Cercidiphyllaceae (91.) Ranunculaceae (92.) Lardizabalaceae (93.) Berberidaceae (94.) Menispermaceae (95.) Magnoliaceae (98.) Himantandraceae (96.) Calycanthaceae (97.) Lactoridaceae (98.) Anonaceae (98.) Dypomatiaceae (99.) Myristicaceae (100.) Gomortegaceae (101.) Monimiaceae (102. …

… ium. In recent decades, however, extensive studies of artificial hybridization and chromosome morphology have revealed that this latter genus stands apart from the other units, not only by its much smaller chromosomes but also by its inability to cross with any of the wheatgrasses, even those that morphologists agreed looked closely related to its species. The wheatgrasses, as we now define the tribe, cannot yet be seen as a monophyletic group which all are characterized by a caryopsis, laterally compressed spikelets with two glumes, single starch grains, and palea not septate, rather large chromosomes, the basic …

… gin of the genus as interpreted. Phyletic: origin and relationships of 39 species. *Grant (Julius), Ph.D. (Cardiff): WOOD PULP AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.—Second, revised edition of Vol. 2 of our "A New Series of Plant Science Books", published in England (1947); Demy oct., cloth; 312 p., 38 illus....$6.00 Guillermond (Alexandre), D. ès Sc. (Sorbonne): THE CYTOPLASM OF THE PLANT CELL. Authorized translation from the unpublished manuscript of the late Prof. René A. Akimoto, Ph.D. William Seifriz—A critical review of our present knowledge of the cytoplasm and its morphological constituents by the late eminent French cytol …