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From Reports of the Sessions of the Societe de Biologie, Volume XIX, No 38 January 4, 1929----1923-1931 Contribution to the study of chromosomes among Iris Report of Marc Simonet, presented by A. Guilliermond In a former report,(1), we gave the results of our first studies in the enumeration of chromosomes among Iris. Since those studies, we have been able to make observations also among Iris apparently not hitherto studied. Most of these plants belong to important collections of the experimental work of the Etablissements Vilmorin, at Verrières-le- Buisson (Val-d'Oise) At this time of the year we have been able …

His connection with plants therefore was with a different set of plant materials than he would have found occurring in the temperate parts of Europe. So either Linnaeus' or Tournefort's systems of classification sort of fell flat on their face as when he wanted to make a classification of the plants that he found in the tropics. So when he discovered his that his classification system had to be something different, I can't imagine what background he had, it would be interesting as a historical study to know how Adanson was backed up with ideas from other people. We don't have that available to us now, so we just …

Although To synthesize the cytological background of evolving plant taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is a derived subject with a long history To synthesize present knowledge but polyploidy is an evolutionary process. Although polyploidy is one of the most important phenomena of evolution, the immense knowledge collected by workers all over the world has been synthesized only twice, in 1936 by Bünziger and in 1950 by Stebbins, although shorter reviews of some of its processes have also been published. Polyploidy is distributed. Cytotaxial = physiological sex determination in plants? Together with Goslanski?

… views in Tabulae Biologicae, a publication which now is extremely rare and difficult to find even in university libraries. Later, in 1950, Tischler also published a list of chromosome numbers of the higher plants from Central Europe. Four chromosome lists were published, from 1926 to 1934, by the Canadian botanist Gaiser, and the French cytologist Delay compiled, in 1950, a list to cover the period from Tischler's list (1938) up to 1949. Other chromosome indexes covering selected parts of the world's flora have been published, e.g., for the cultivated plants of Japan by Kihara, Yamamoto, and Hosono (1931), for cu …

Biosynthetic VII Species hybrids I have mentioned previously that although plants with different chromosome numbers may be crossed, they then hybrids are actually sterile, so that their genes cannot be mixed or recombined. With other words, chromosomes with differences may allow crossability but not meiosis. Chromosome numbers vary from 2 = 2 in the Ascaris, which is more intestinal worm? The horse, (2 = 4, the Equine Hyalopogon prorius), to 2 = 1200, in the Indian fox Cynipiform reticulata. Nevertheless, there are many examples of such animals and plants having the same chromosome number species, that it is unav …

PROCESSING TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS (1) Plants to be classified (2) Assemble data (morphologic, genetic, ecologic, physiologic, etc. Organize for processing (3) Determine related and unrelated elements (4) Cluster (5) Organization into "formal" classification (6) Nomenclature problems (7) Identification routines (8) Application (9) Breeding programs, Analysis of drug-producing plants, etc. Evolutionary studies Ecological studies Information retrieval David J. Rogers Professor of Botany December 2, 1965

… y secondary. The occurrence of a multiple chromosome n'ts series is known as polyploidy (Winkler 1916) and it represents a highly interesting regularity. This phenomenon occurs in a vast majority of higher plants known; it is more frequent under extreme conditions, and is typical of many ornamental plants. In the wheat, the diploid wheats are most primitive and of little use at present. In the cereals, the diploids (Avena) and the tetraploids (Triticum) are the Mediterranean and Egyptian cereals, whereas the hexaploids are the modern breadwheats (Triticum). In several other cases, for instance in oats (Avena), we …

136 Revue Internationale des Industries Agricoles L 691°. — G. LAWRENCE. — INTRODUCTION TO PLANT TAXONOMY. (Introduction à la taxonomie des plantes). — Macmillan C°, New-York, éd., 1955. — Un vol., 179 p., 69 fig. (In-8/11.501). Classification des plantes. Evolution et unifiés de classification. Structure des plantes. Techniques de la collection et de l'identification. Nomenclature. Phylogénie et biosystématique. Taxonomie dans l'Amérique du Nord. Familles importantes et leurs caractères. I. 692°. — T. H. GOODSPED. — THE GENUS NICOTIANA. ORIGINS, RELATIONSHIPS AND EVOLUTION OF ITS SPECIES IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR DI …

… d progenies obtained. All sexual x sexual crosses had sterile F1s; most fertile F1s yielded high proportion of maternal F2. Clausen, J., Keck, D.D., & Hiesey, W.M. (1940). Experimental studies on the nature of species I. Effect of varied environments on western North American plants. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 520:1-452. Drymocallis glandulosa, pp. 26-124: taxonomic review, transplant studies, discussion; ecotypes formed all at diploid level. Potentilla gracilis complex, pp. 125-175: taxonomic revision, very high chromosome numbers and some aneuploids, transplant studies, discussion. P. drummondii and P. breweri,

2a. It has been said, that there are as many concepts of the basic categories of plant classification as that a distinct designation of each of these is not necessary. That is a truth with considerable modifications, although it may fit too much to the application of the descriptive method when used for little known taxa. Although Linnaeus never directly defined his categories, it is implicit in his work that he was thinking of a certain degree of relationship and phylogeny at the levels beyond the genus, and such an idea has been increasingly basic to most taxonomic work by later generations. But when the knowle …

THE NATURAL SYSTEM OF A. L. JUSSIEU The system of A. L. Jussieu is expounded in his Genera plantarum secundum, Paris 1791. There are 15 classes, 100 order, and 136 genera incertae sedis INDEX METHODI Acotyledones................................................. Class I Monocotyledones.............................................. {Stamina Hypogyna Perigyna Epigyna Dicotyledones.............................................. {Stamina Epigyna Perigyna Hypogyna Corolla Hypocyna Perigyna antheris Monopetalae............................................... X Polypetalae.................................................. …

PAGE 8 our classification. What is it intrinsically, what are the intrinsic characters of this plant which make all of these plants related and unrelated and everything else? But I can't see how except that's purely arbitrary you can separate the intrinsic from the extrinsic. (Henry) It is in many ways arbitrary; just as it is in trying to classify a collection of books, but there are certain characters which are a part of the genetic makeup of that plant. All of sorts of accidents can happen to the plant otherwise. We do have to at some point make what is largely an arbitrary decision. Many of these things I hav …

… ferences reconciled. Why, one asks, were not both sets of data run together? The authors do not seem aware that, having used nearly 50% of the information on leaf characters, they have heavily weighted the classifications toward the vegetative information about the plants. This, in itself, could help to explain why their various results do not agree with the earlier classifications where I am sure the authors considered reproductive or chromosomal differences uppermost. Furthermore, in nearly every case of the measurement characters, they have duplicated the character in such a way that they have introduced false …

12: class. A Corolle Composée a fleurmy Section 1: Xanthium. ambreine (Flumme/berley) 4. 2. carduus, cynara, Lappa, cynya, Senecio 3. Carthamus, atkinsonian. Tanacetum (Sem pappo) 4. Echinops. (Flum exopm) 5 calyci-äckin 5. Scabiosa. Diplophy. globularia, Echinops a Semiflurmy Sect.1: Leontodon. Lactuca. Cogonaria. Trago peganum (Frago) 2. cichorium, Latanana. Lampana. Sedum (Cinnam) radiee - Sect. 1: aster. Virginica. jasminea. Dornic. Pustely. (Sem pappo) 2. Zagete. Comsfolly 3. Belty. millet. chamomilium 4. Caltha 5. xeranthemum. carline. (Silbyxland/petals) 15: Sans Corolle a 18-19, 16: Sans corolle et sans c …

5. Since the tribe Tristiceae includes one of the most recently described and numerous genera, especially of secundiflorous species (e.g., Stegneria, etc.), its classification into a distinctly phylogenetic system is highly desirable. Although numerous geneticists have made efforts to establish crossability between the various diploid and polyploid species of the complex, considerable evidence exists that such hybrids have long been known to occur under natural conditions (Fosse 1881). During the past three or four decades many geneticists have not only continued their investigations but also employed these hybri …

… exprimé dans un seul nom qui lui soit particulier. Mais il n'oublie pas encore déterminé d'où ce caractère essentiel doit être tiré. Le vœu veut que ce soit indistinctement de quelque une des parties de la plante; les autres décident qu'il sera d'une seule partie spécifiée de la fructification. D'autre enfin poussent la rigueur du principe beaucoup plus loin; ils prétendent que le caractère essentiel des classes doit être tiré d'une seule partie de la fructification, celui des ordres de cette partie, le caractère générique de tout; enfin le spécifique de toutes les autres parties invariables de la plante. De là l …

535 HEILBORN, O. 1936: The mechanics of so-called secondary association between chromosomes. - Hereditas 22: 167 - 188. - 1937: Notes on chromosome associations. - Cytologia, Fuji Jub. Vol.: 9 - 13. - 1939: Chromosome studies in Cyperaceae. III - IV. - Hereditas 25: 224 - 241. - 1941: Some chromosome numbers in Draba. - Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 35: 141 - 142. - 1943: Inversions in Paris quadrifolia. - Hereditas 29: 498 - 499. HEIMBURGER, M. 1959: Cytotaxonomic studies in the genus Anemone. - Canad. J. Bot. 37: 507 - 612. - 1962: Comparison of chromosome size in species of Anemone and their hybrids. - Chromosoma 13: 32 …

… we keep that in the back of our minds and we can perhaps whether justifiably or unjustifiably infer that maybe the others are the same. (Student) I think to go out on a limb and say that seeds tell me that plant distribution is valid as a key to the identification plant. (Henry) It is, but we are not talking about identification, we are talking about classification now. And it is real handy to know that a certain group of plants only exist in Australia. It limits our searching. We can use that definitely in a key for identification. (Student) But doesn't this fact that they are located only in one place imply tha …

25. LÖVE, A., LÖVE, D., MAYER, E. & SUŠNIK, F. 1972: Cytotaxonomy of Yugoslavian plants: Introductory remarks. - Scopolia 1: xxx - xxx. LÖVE, A., LÖVE, D. & SUŠNIK, F. 1972: Nomenclatural adjustments in the Yugoslavian flore. I. Some monocotyledons from Slovenia. - Scopolia 1: xx-xx MATHER, K. 1932: Chromosome variation in Crocus. I. - Journ. Genet. 26:120-142. MILLER, E. W. 1930: A preliminary note on the cytology of the Melanthioideae section of the Liliaceae. - Proc. Durham Philos. Soc. 8: 267 - 271. MODELIEWSKI, J. 1910: Weitere Beiträge zur Embryobildung einiger Euphorbiaceen. - Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 28: 4 …

ultimate form. Early classifications aimed mainly at identification - either to categorize organisms according to their usages, or for pigeon-holing purposes. A latter-day variation is the goal of purely phenetic classification or assortment only, based upon all available data, all characters counted as equal in importance. Modern "biological" classifications, on the contrary, emphasize evolution. Concepts of primitiveness and specialization play a role, and some characters are more important than others in showing relationships. Even evolutionary taxonomists are not agreed, however, on whether the classification …