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… This concludes the portion of the little volume which can strictly be called an herbal, but there still remain about an hundred pages of miscellaneous medical recipes, beginning with plague remedies. Such botanical interest as the herbal possesses, lies chiefly in the descriptions of the plants enumerated; these diagnoses, however, are often curiously sketchy. Cow Parsley (Persil), for instance, receives no description beyond the statement that in the month of May the places where it grows are almost entirely white with its flowers; this, though true and picturesque, is scarcely adequate for purposes of identifi …

… m Apotheker, die Flora von Deutschland von Prof. Th. mit herrlichen Lithografien. Seitdem schwärme ich für Botanik und sammle Abbildungen und botanische Bücher. Ich habe alle erhältlichen Bände von Curtis' Botanical Magazine gekauft und ordne sie nach dem "Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien" von A. Engler, 12. Auflage 1964. Die schönsten Pflanzenbilder malt Caspari, von denen ich ein paar Dubletten beigefügt habe. Außerdem fotografiere ich und entwickle selbst. Vor 2 Jahren besuchte ich Monte Carlo und Menton. Aus dem berühmten Botanischen Garten La Mortola (Villa Hanbury) bei Menton in Südfrankreich/Italien brachte i …

… ch habe den ganzen Lebenslauf von U. inflata studiert und will Ihnen nachfolgend ein wenig erzählen. Interessant ist, dass U. stellaris in Indien ähnliche Anpassungseinrichtungen besitzt. Eine Abbildung ist in Marloth's "The Flora of South Africa". Die Pflanze scheint also dort auch vorzukommen. Material könnten Sie eventuell bekommen von Dr. K. Blewes, Superintendent, Indian Botanical Garden, Calcutta, India. Sie können sich auf mich berufen; ich bin mit ihm im Briefwechsel. Er hat mir auch eine Zeichnung dieser Pflanze geschickt. Sie kennen ja auch Goebels Arbeit in den Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg

… ow to the great trio of works each of which, in its earliest edition, was produced in the great printing center of Mainz. The first of these, the Herbarius Moguntinus, is almost as famous in the history of botanical publication as the Gutenberg Bible in that of theological publication. The Missouri Botanical Garden owns one of the few remaining copies of the 'editio princeps', the genuine first edition. Here ( ) it is in its limp leather, very probably original, cover, all of it as it was published except its title page, which was very simple indeed, reading, ( ) as shown in this typed copy, only: "Herbarius. Ma- …

2 C. The professional botanist who wishes to know more about this particular, and possibly rather unfamiliar, field of botany - Botanical Illustration. D. Artists and art students in general, especially those with an interest in the graphic arts or design. E. Uninformed amateur botanists and horticulturists. F. The casual and wholly uninformed visitor who is drawn to visit the collection through a mild interest in "Art," or "Flowers," or even through idle curiosity. These are listed in order of descending importance, but I feel that all categories deserve in some measure to be catered for. Seminars. What would ob …

On the whole we must conclude that if there was/ travelling artist who drew plants in the East, he #either did not know their right names or was a very poor draughtsman. Possibly he was altogether a mythical person. THE TEXT This is arranged on a different plan to that of the Latin "Herbarius". First are given a good many synonyms, Greek, Latin and Arabic. Then follow statements from "the masters" about the virtues of the drug. The country from which foreign plants come is often mentioned, such as Arabia, Babylonia, etc.; but these statements are borrowed from old authors, and do not profess to be based on person …

half-figure with a coat (size 133 x 113 cm). Though the text, which does not only give name, genus, figure, region and time of flowering, but also powers and properties ("kraft und wirckung") of the plants, is considerably superior to any of the earlier herbals, and though pictures of this high standard were never produced before, the sale did not fulfill the hopes set on it. Probably the book in itself was rather expensive, and the huge plants, drawn only in outline, could only be appre-

page 7 information for particular objects under study. (Dave) In order to allow us to proceed with some work that I want you all to do individually, I have to give you some basic thoughts and processes on herbarium materials. The col- lections of materials kept by botanists in pigeonholes in cases similar to this are the same thing as a zoologist calls museum specimens, or in our case we call them herbarium specimens. In the last few years or a matter of fact for a very long time, there has been a rather derogatory opinion of anyone who meddled around with scrappy little hunks of junk, squashed out flat, dried an …

Nature-print leaves in a 15-cm-Ms., Le Fischer: H. Meltzclottische Pflanzenkunde. München 1929 p.625, ep. PLXIX (1855): On Nature-Prints Bradbury, Henry/Proc. Roy. Institution of Great Britain, vol. II, 1854-8, pp. 106-118, 3 plates. [P. 340.1.C.155.2] Experiments in getting impressions of plants seem to have been made in the 16th century, and in 1550 de Moncoys, in his Journal des Voyages describes the technique used by a Dane, Welkenstein, who dried the pressed the plants nd then smoked them all over in the smoke of a candle or oil lamp. Then they were placed between two soft leaves of paper, and rubbed down wi …

… that he would not be able to get it done before that. But he will no doubt have said all that in his letter to you. As to the herbal exhibition, I am sure that you know, far better than I do, the important herbals from which to choose woodcuts for enlargement. I have the Pulsatilla from Brunfels, including three lines of text and page heading, blown up to 20" by 15" and it looks magnificent. If I might suggest the sort of proportion of illustrations which, from an artistic point of view, I feel reasonable, I would say: Puch der Natur (1), Herb. Ap Platon (1481) (1), Latin Herbarius (1), German Herbarius of 1485 ( …

taxonomica I. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 37:397, 1950. 8. Jointed goat-grass. Mo. Bot. Gard. Bull. 41:114-115, 1953. 9. (Rev.) The trees and shrubs of the Southwestern deserts, by Lyman Benson & Robert A. Darrow. Mo. Bot. Gard. Bull. 13, 1955. 10. (Rev.) Manual of the plants of Colorado, by H. D. Harrington. Mo. Bot. Gard. Bull. 43:14-15, 1955. 11. An exhibit of flower books. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1959, 24 p. 12. The grasses. Mo. Bot. Gard. Bull. 43:104-107, 1960. 13. (Obit.) (with Edgar Anderson) Robert Everard Woodson, Jr. Taxon 13:45-48, 1964. 14. (with H. Wm Matheson) Historic books and manuscripts, 14 …

… est known medieval manuscript of the Circa in- stantis, the fountainhead of modern phar- macology and botany, which he is translating. One of his most recent publica- tions is An Illustrated History of the Herbals, Columbia University Press, 1977. The citation noted that despite his official retire- ment from the Garden, the vast contribu- tions he is making have by no means diminished and it spoke of the "personal and professional enrichment he has brought to all our lives." Calendar Dates On September 2 & 3 (alas, summer by then will be almost gone), a final, giant salute to the passing season: "Family Weekend" …

I'll give more details about this edition in a later paragraph, where some other Frankfurt herbals are to be mentioned; for the moment I have to say a word about Conrad Gesner, who used to be called the German Plinius. The home of this excellent physician and scientist was Zürich, and originally he owes his reputation to his "History of the Animal World" (Geschichte des Tierreiches), of which the first instalments appeared in 1550 at Froschauer's in Zürich, whilst the last part was only published 30 years after his death. His herbal was quite unfinished, when he died at Zürich in 1565, but he left behind a lot of …

… me of the same sort. This was a greatly modified and much extended version of the same work in the German language, and the title of which leads us is of the German "Gart der Gesundheit," which deals with nearly 400 plants. This remarkable book was effectively a new work and marks a period alike in the history of botany and of book illustration. It appeared in 1485 at Mainz, and is known in stages of its printing by several titles, the variety of which has helped to confuse the discussion of its relation to kindred works. Confusion in nomenclature is best avoided by referring to the work as the "Gart der Gesundhe …

… Dauhier had a large collection of plants in his garden, and so had one 14,000 species; 2000 have come to us over the years from present-day collectors. University Basel. (556) a Serma Japan Ratzenbager ten. student in Wittenberg began a herbain. He called it his "Herbarius vivus" Prof H.F. Kessler, Das älteste und erste Herbarium Deutschlands, im Jahre 1592 von Dr. Caspar Ratzenbager angelegt, Basel 1870 p311 In my early herbain = Sermy. p312 Herbain Lydiae Hercegini (55678 p5. p313 Aldrovandi seems to have been the first to attempt a collection when armed at the beginning of the dried plants of the whole world.

was to aim at a passion for the search for all kinds of plants. The results are preserved in a number of bulky herbals, dating for the most part from the first half of the sixteenth century. "Plants native to the soil, herbs which flowered in gardens, had been raised from seed purchased from itinerant vendors of anthodes, or plants whose fruits were brought to Europe as curiosities from the New World recently discovered — all these were jumbled together in a confused medley." As researchers were then limited to the native land of the students, they had scarcely any idea how the floras of different countries diffu …

… nature (such as the importance of Oenothera and Datura in genetics), as well as observations drawn from field experience in this and other countries. I make frequent use of specimens, both fresh and dried, illustrations, slides, and visits to the greenhouse; and, of course, from April to the end of the term the class is taken on field trips once a week, taught how to collect, how to use and construct keys, etc. I find it impossible in this course to have the laboratory material follow the lectures in all cases, simply because flowering material from the greenhouse or gardens is not always available on the day tha …

B. Dayton Jackson The History of Botanic Illustration The Frank Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol XII 1906 (for 1903-1905) p145 Pons un to the Nth of Clematis was used in Dodon's Pemptades 1583 & 1616 Like Hertan 1576 & Plemei Vern 1581 Dens 1581 1590 Clusius Historia 1607 Serap Bertell ed John 1633 1638 Close copied for Serap Bertell 1597 Parvum Theatrum 1640 Zero accurately copied in Bauhin J. Hortae 1557 Chabreus Scionographie 1666 1677 Petiver J. Herbarium (Va) Botanica

… y, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dear Dr. Friesner: It is most kind of you to secure the fifty sheets of topotype material of Ruellia humilis, var. frondosa and we shall certainly be glad to distribute it in our exchanges. It is a very characteristic and well-marked variety. With the present restrictions on publication and the difficulty of meet- ing the expenses of illustration it will be early in the next year before I can publish the monograph of Ruellia which has a great many half-tone illustrations. Thank you for your kindness in getting the material. Sincerely yours, M. L. Fernald Director MLF;S

… s summer. My time is limited but will be glad to do anything I can find time for. You won't need to be told I am unused to a typewriter, that is self evident. I wonder could you advise me as to a simple but clear botany. I would like to learn some of the scientific terms, as it is I do not even know the botanical terms for different shape petals or leaves. If it was some part of a gown or that now I know those for the parts of an animal or the kind of a tree, but flowers have been to me nearly things of beauty to be loved, admired and smelled. Yours sincerely Mrs. Walter E. Pero Belton, Montana Glacier Natl Park.