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UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. CLASS OF BOTANY. FIRST PRIZE EXAMINATION. SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1883.—10—12 a.m. 1. In what respects do plants differ from animals? and in how far are these characters reliable? Describe the life-history of Bacteria as exemplified in any species known to you. 2. What is meant by the terms homogeneous and heterogeneous, monopodial, sympodial and dichotomous in the branching of plants? Show how a sympodium may simulate a monopodium, and how lateral branching may simulate dichotomy or vice versa. 3. What are "metamorphosed" members or organs, and how would you ascertain their homology? Give any …

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Postgraduate M.Sc. Course in Conservation and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources SYLLABUS 1. Introductory Lectures (Professor J. G. Hawkes) 2 lectures Aims and methods of the M.Sc. Course. General review of world studies in exploration, evaluation, utilization and conservation of plant genetic resources. International collaboration and co-ordination. The role of FAO and IBP. Establishment of national, regional and international germplasm banks. Training of personnel. 2. Origin of Cultivated Plants (Professor J. G. Hawkes) 26 lectures 22 three-hour practicals Taxon …

… ORY The Chrysobalanaceae is a woody group almost confined to the tropics. Although it was given family rank by Robert Brown as long ago as 1813, all the authors of the best-known and widely used systems of classification (De Candolle, Bentham and Hooker, Engler and Prantl and John Hutchinson) have treated it as a tribe or subfamily of Rosaceae. Nevertheless, nearly all workers with specialist knowledge of the group, e.g. Fritsch (1888) and particularly those who have studied its anatomy, e.g. Hallier (1903, using the results of the comprehensive study on leaf-anatomy by Kuster (1897)), Juel (1915, ovary-structure …

23. Literature cited. BAKSAJ, L. 1957: The chromosome numbers and cytotaxonomical relations of some European plant species. - Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 169 - 174. BAKSAJ, L. 1958: The chromosome numbers of Ponto-Mediterranean plant species. - Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 9: 121 - 125. BOCHER, T. W., HOLMEN, K. & JAKOBSEN, K. 1968: The flora of Greenland. -Copenhagen BOBROV, E. G. 1950: Seniculoidese Drude. - Flora SSSR 16: 60 - 88. BUTTLER, K. P. 1967: Zytotsxonomische Untersuchungen en mittel- und südeuropäischen Dreb-Arten. - Mitt. Bot. München 6: 275 - 362. D'AMATO, F. 1956: Attuali conoscenze su …

… e on the day that that particular family is taken up in lecture. In other words, this is a pretty orthodox introduction to systematic botany of the Angiosperms presented with a real attempt to introduce variety and to show the relationship of descriptive botany to other and more dynamic phases of the plant sciences. In a separate course entitled "Principles of Systematic Botany," I deal with most of the subjects outlined in detail in your syllabus. My approach is primarily historical but by the middle of the term we are over into phylogeny, nomenclature, systems of classification, bibliography and biosystematics.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, SOILS AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Agricultural Research Service DIVISION OF PLANT EXPLORATION AND INTRODUCTION PLANT INDUSTRY STATION BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND March 24, 1954 Mrs. Ida K. Langman 2316 Delancey Place Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dear Mrs. Langman: I enjoyed the account of your botanizing in Mexico in the latest issue of the Asa Gray Bulletin, and your reference to a possible new genus in the Leguminosae suggested that the plant you had in mind may have been the one that came to me for identification yea …

June 1941 det. by I.M. Johnston Label copy p. Coll. no. No. Sheets POLYGONACEAE 1670 18008 Muehlenbeckia sagittifolius Meisn. 2 590 16384 " hastulatus (Sm.) Johnston 6 1647 18420 " " 7 661 16775 " " 10 615 16408 " " 4 106 9124 Rumex conglomeratus Murr. 5 872 17037 Rumex crispus L. 2 1674 18035 Rumex Acetosella L. 2 582 16342 Chorizanthe umbellata Phil. 2 607 16515 " " 10 556 16201 " " 8 851 16923 Chorizanthe virgata Benth. 3 559 16220 Chorizanthe Kingii Phil. 6 528 15809 Chorizanthe commissuralis Remy 5 550 16128 " " 2 583 16349 " " 2 1659 18475 " " 2 1652 18443 " " 10 572 16290 Lastarriaea chilensis Remy 1 581 1 …

… sect. Multijugae, for each of a large number of characters. These, together with estimates of correlation between pairs of characters, will be used to indicate which characters might be useful in the later classification phase of this study. Between populations, a large set of herbarium specimens (including "exemplars" of the sampled populations) will then be subjected to character analysis, which will lead to further refinement in the set of possible characters for the classification. A large set of herbarium specimens will then be classified, using the refined characters deduced from the inter- and intra-popula …

LITERATURE CITED Barneby, Rupert C., and Noel H. Holmgren. 1979. A new species of Lomatium (Apiaceae) from Utah. Brittonia 31:96-100. Boyle, W. S. 1945. A cyto-taxonomic study of the North American species of Melica. Madrono 8:1-26. Camp, W. H. Our changing generic concepts. In The Concept of the Genus (a symposium). Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 67:349-389. Hall, Harvey M., & Frederic E. Clements. 1923. The phylogenetic method in taxonomy: the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 326.:I-III, I-355. 58 plates. Hooker, W. J. 1833. Flora Boreali-Americana 1:325. King, …

… he central and western Alps by Professor Cl. Favarger and his students in Neuchatel in Switzerland, the foremost specialist on the cytotaxonomy of the Alpique flora, and with studies of endemics and alpine plants from Spain and Italy performed but not yet published by A. and D. Love and on alpine plants from the arctic regions of Atlantic Europe by the American P. I.s and Dr. Knaben. Although all the Slovenian endemics were under study already this first season, special attention was given the following complexes and taxa, which may serve as examples. a. Iris cengialti Ambr. and I. illyrica Tommas. These are taxa …

Class X: 53. Cichoraceae 54. Cineraceae (Div. of Compositae) 55. Corymbiferae Class XI: 56. Dipsacaceae 57. Rubiaceae 58. Cephalanthus Class XII: 59. Araliaceae 60. Umbelliferae Class XIII: 61. Ranunculaceae 62. Papaveraceae 63. Cruciferae 64. Capparidaceae 65. Sepalidaceae 66. Aceraceae Class XIII (cont.): 67. Malpighiaceae 68. Hypericaceae 69. Guttiferae 70. Aurantiaceae (citrus) Class XIV (cont.): 85. Cactaceae 86. Portulacaceae 87. Ficoidaceae 88. Onagraceae 89. Myrtaceae 90. Malvaceae 91. Salicaceae 92. Rosaceae 93. Leguminosae 94. Terebinthaceae 95. Rhamnaceae Class XV: 96. Euphorbiaceae 97. Cucurbitaceae 9 …

ABSTRACT Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=14;JJ) was successfully crossed with T. elongatum (2n=14;EE) but the reciprocal cross failed. Five of the nineteen F1 plants headed in a greenhouse without being vernalized. Spikes of F1 hybrids were intermediate to those of the parents for number of florets per spike, glume length, and the first rachis internode length, but similar to those of T. bessarabicum and T. elongatum for spike length and number of spikelet per spike, respectively. Karyotypes of mitotic chromosomes in the parental species revealed that three of the seven chromosomes in J and E genomes were similar in …

that Andy used for his hybridization techniques would work particularly well when we were going about setting up an input data for the purposes of classification, classification as contrasted with the discovery of hybrids. Now it is really what Andy would do when he tried to discover hybrids is to try to take pieces of contrasting information from the plant specimens that he employed. For example, he might discover the characters of a plant and population vary according to the amount of pubescence which the plants have, in other words, the amount of hair, the amount of foliage or some other part. You might discov …

… intenance of a living collection of almost all the Nicotiana species and the production of a large number of different interspecific hybrids. Both species and hybrids have been studied comprehensively from chromosomes to trichomes. In the first chapter of Goodspeed's book the objective and argument are presented. Then follow 11 chapters that document in detail the evidence from geographic distribution, morphology, cytology of the species, and cytology of F1 interspecific hybrids in terms of the nature and significance of chromosome-pairing relationships at meiosis. The main theoretical concepts on Nicotiana evolu …

… in Botany, Volume 18, 1945. Check marks in front of the species indicate those which are Argentina or Uruguay. As you doubtless know Darlington and Janaki Ammal under title "Chromosome Atlas of Cultivated Plants," London 1945, have published the most recent list of chromosome numbers. Discrepancies in authors listed on the enclosed and in this book are explained by the fact that Darlington and Janaki Ammal refer to what they know as the last reference in the literature for a given chromosome number, whereas my list refers to the author who first reported the correct number. In the hope that the important investi …

Hitchcock, C. L. (1961). Rosaceae, in Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Ownbey, M., & Thompson, J. W., Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, vol. 3, pp. 89-194. Holmgren, P. K. & Keuken, W. (1974). Index Herbariorum, Part I, ed. 6. Utrecht: Oosthoek, Scheltema, & Holkema, 397 pp. Johnston, B. C. (1980). Computer programs for constructing polyclave keys from data matrices. Taxon (in press). Kannenberg, L. W. & Allard, R. W. (1967). Population studies in predominantly self-pollinated species. VIII. Genetic variability in the Festuca microstachys complex. Evolution 21:227-240. Kruckeberg, A. R. (1951). Interspeci …

Prof. J. Venkateswarlu, Prof. & Head of the Dept., of Botany, Andhra University, Waltair, India. October 29, 1957. Dear Prof. Goodspeed, I am interested in the study of morphology of pachytene chromosomes in plants showing a Eu- and Heterochromatic differrentiation of their segments at mid prophase. A student of mine is working on this problem in some members of $the family Solanaceae like Solanum, Capsicum and Nicotiana. I shall be very grateful if you can kindly spare some seeds each of the various species and varieties of Nicotiana from your collection. I need hardly mention that I shall be only too glad to su …

… ch uses cytogenetic techniques for so-called character analysis. Since the cytogeneticist does not think, he must be faced with the available data and then programmed to analyze them in books and clusters (plants) and analyze them to evaluate them in various ways. Although this technique has been tried for plants of the Triticeae by some scientists, it has seen most of the taxon only by David B. O. who advocated on basis of a detailed cluster analysis of 28 genera that form at least four distinct groups. The problem most remarkable results of this analysis is that the cultivated Triticum is widely distant from th …

as model for Corinthian capital. Dianthera. Justices. h. Pedaliaceae: Departure from last family. Odd fruits. Sesamum indicum as a food plant. i. Martyniaceae: Hooked fruit. 3. Lamiales or Diovulatae- schizocarpy and phylogeny. a. Labiatae. Vegetative features. Zygomorphy and androecial reduction. fate of fifth stamen. Butterfly and bee types. b. Verbenaceae. Habit and sub actinomorphy. usual stamen condition. Fruit aggregation. Verbena hybrids. c. Plantaginaceae: Problematical position habit anemophily formula, fruit-

-11- Goldstine: One has to accept their classifications and see why it works. Wooster: There is no real grammar for any particular language. Similarly taxonomy is defined as that which the taxonomist can remember. Macy: One of the unanswered questions is the criteria for knowing when you have as good or better answer. Cronquist: The present scheme could not be completely at cross purposes with what ought to be the best. Any two things that can cross and produce offspring must be pretty closely related. There is no known example of a hybridization between things which are regularly put into different plant familie …