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CONCLUSIONS By side grafting tender tips of seedlings onto established grape vines, seedling grape vines or controlled crosses can be brought into production in one year from the time the graft is made. This technique makes the waiting period for a grape breeder to make selections from crosses much shorter than by growing the seedling until it produces fruit. Cane growth of up to 30 feet can be obtained in one growing season from side grafted tips onto an established grape vine.

the planters regarding propagation and pruning and so on. The bunches we saw in the Chinandega area were good except that they were somewhat short-fingered; this probably means poor irrigation. I believe you should start at once to see how you are going to sell your fruit. One of the big companies would be the starting place; if they will not obligate themselves, then you will have to see what can be done. I think this point is vital; unless you have a guaranteed outlet for your fruit you may get into real trouble.

… thousands of trees, and we wanted only the best; it would not do to be hastily in choosing those destined for introduction into the United States. Finally twenty-three were selected, and twigs suitable for grafting were cut and hurried to Guatemala City when they could be dispatched by mail to Washington. This was the hardest task of all. Time after time I got back a cablegram saying that my "budwood", as it is known to horticulturists, had arrived in bad condition, and could not be used. I could imagine the disappointment of Ed Groucher, who was waiting at the other end with several thousand young avocado seedli …

1956 TRIBUTE TO FLORIDA 311 George B. Cellon of Miami, which was then "at the end of the line", was the first to propagate commercially mango and avocado varieties by grafting. He used the method known as shield budding, and he concentrated upon the Mulgoba mango and two avocado varieties which he had selected among the numerous seedlings growing in the Miami region—these were Trapp and Pollock. Cellon had moved south from his home in northern Florida. He was a true plantsman and a most picturesque character. At about the same time, or a few years later, John B. Beach established a nursery at West Palm Beach, whe …

fail to be admired above every other plant we grow. The Avocado. A FEW inquiries are received every month concerning the alligator pear, especially asking where the fruit is being raised too well known to require description, and while it has been cultivated by civilized people for over 200 years, its popularity has not been great until the last few decades. It has a multiple name—avocado, avocado pear, avocado, avocat, aguacate, alligator pear, and shipman's butter. Most of these names are the corruption of the Aztec name of the fruit, ahuaacatl. In California the term "alligator pear" is giving way to "avocado" …

6. proved to be more reliable than shield-budding. This has been true of avocados, mangos, and several other fruit trees, including the annonas. Though shield budding may continue to be preferred in some regions, for some fruits, veneer grafting is gaining ground and should be borne in mind. Almost any well drained soil of good structure is satisfactory for cherimoyas, but it is generally believed that a high lime content is unfavorable. Still more important, however, is perfect drainage. Too much irrigation on soils retentive of moisture is dangerous. Sandy loams are to be preferred for this reason. Trees should …

CALIFORNIA CULTIVATOR June 25, 1921 Book Review MANUAL OF SUBTROPICAL FRUITS "Manual of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Excluding the Banana, Coconut, Pineapple, Citrus, Olive, and Fig," by Wilson Popenoe, agricultural explorer, United States department of agriculture, published by Macmillan Company, New York, for $5.00. Wilson Popenoe has performed a distinct service in assembling this great fund of information as to tropical and subtropical fruits. Among the hundred or more fruits discussed are the following: The avocado, which seems destined to rank with the olive because of its high oil content; the cherimoy …

JORGE M. BENITEZ Instituto Agropecuario Nacional La Aurora, Guatemala City, GUATEMALA C.A. Sr Benitez is horticulturist of the Instituto Natl Agropecuario. He does not have an academic title, but has worked in horticulture here in Central America since 1927 when I brought him here from Ecuador, his native country. He has done outstanding work on propagation and culture of Cinchona, and more recently on propagation of tropical fruits, especially citrus, mangos and avocados. Last year he turned out 40,000 grafted trees which were sold by the Ministerio de Agricultura.

… pxmo ppdo, and a lot of other mail. Some of wh will probably alter our plans for an early return to the New World. Salvat Editores of Barcelona are urging me to prepare the Manual Práctico de Fruticultura Tropical, wh I would like to do. There is nothing in Spanish on the subject; I just have to lift most of it out of Manual of Trop and Subtrop Fruits, and it would probably be the standard work for Spanish America for the next 25 yrs. And I am sort of cooling off about the offer from El Salvador, to come there and take over the Directorship of their new Agrl school. I don't need the money - the salary wouldn't b …

… nge from 300 to 600 grams. It has a rather leathery skin, almost smooth although the areoles indicating the fused carpels are clearly marked by impressed lines. An unusual feature is the development of the fruit stem to a much greater diameter than that of twig which bears it. The custard-like flesh is cream-colored, granular near the skin, less sweet and less pleasantly flavored than that of the sugar-apple; in fact the custard-apple is usually considered uninteresting by connoisseurs. Yet custard-apples find a ready sale in many tropical markets. Numerous dark brown seeds, the size and shape of common beans, ar …

jelly. The more tropical PASSIFLORA LAURIFOLIA and P. QUADRANGULARIS have richer foliage and gorgeous flowers, powerfully scented, but it is only occasionally that they happen to ripen any fruit with them. PERSEA GRATISSIMA, called "ahucate" by the Mexicans, and "palta" in Peru and other parts of South America, where it appears to be in high favor. In the French colonies, "avocado pear" and, by corruption, "alligator pear" in the British; also "mishipman's butter," has become a great favorite in all tropical countries, and does remarkably well in Southern California. In very few years it will make one of the most …

… ew young trees in the nursery at San Andres which will eventually provide buds of all three good varieties. At the place where the Temple orange is growing there are trees of Marsh, Duncan and Triumph grapefruit. The Triumph is so much sweeter than the other two that I am inclined to think rather well of it. The reason grapefruit will have a hard time becoming really popular here is that us Latins like sweet fruits and grapefruit, especially if grown above 2000 feet, is not sweet. We are trying to put Hamlin and Pineapple and Jaffa oranges in the picture, and may be able to do so without bringing in any vegetativ …

is the practice in Java to graft them upon roots of the more rugged succirubra species - unless the land on which they are to be grown is unusually rich and of just the right soil texture. Grafting also furnishes an opportunity for standard- izing the production, for grafted trees are naturally uniform in quinine content (comparatively speaking), while seedlings are not.

May 27, 1960. Ing. Alfredo J. Sacasa, Gerente General Dr. Wilson Popenoe, Director Emeritus, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Suggestions and Recommendations on Fruit Program. THE SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS offered in this report are the result of (1) experience in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, and (2) a brief survey carried out during the last half of May 1960, by Wilson Popenoe and Ing. Edmundo Astorga, as outlined in the attached memorandum. In conducting this survey we had the valuable assistance, at various times, of Aquiles Gonzales, Ing. Horacio Wheelock, and Francisco Urbina, as well as numerous …

OCTOBER, 1911. Subtropical Fruits A Department of Tropical and Subtropical Horticulture BY F. W. POPE NOE Notes on the propagation and culture of plants and trees coming within the scope of this department will be welcomed, and inquiries are invited. PROF. C. F. BAKER OF POMONA COLLEGE Professor C. F. Baker of Pomona College: The work of Professor Baker in the field of tropical horticulture has been doing much for the enrichment of our knowledge along this line. He has been a student of tropical botany, and a very enthusiastic one, and has had considerable experience in the American tropics. It also has great nat …

Manual Práctico de Fruticultura Tropical 1. Consideraciones Generales. 2. Suelos y Climas 3. Multiplicación de los Frutales 4. El Banano 5. La Piña 6. El Mango (también el marañón y los Spondias) 7. El Aguacate 8. Las Anonaceas 9. El Kaki (con zapote negro) 10. Las Mirtaceas 11. El Lichi, Rambutan, etc 12. Las Sapotaceas 13. El Papayo 14. Varios Frutales de Menor Importancia 15. Frutales de la Zona Templada y su Producción en los Países Tropicales (Manzano, Melocotón, Ciruelo, Pera, etc)

right now in two subjects, one, the cultivation of temperate zone fruits in the tropical highlands, and the other commercial production of pili nuts in Central America. We have a fine experimental planting of pili nut trees in Honduras. The job now is to select the best individual seedlings and propagate them by grafting, just as they have done and are doing with macadamias in Hawaii. We have the feeling that we can do more with Pilsis than with macadamias. Greater production and a not fine quality. I have just finished the chapter on avocados for my manual in Spanish. I hope you will like it. I have made particu …

… cloth covering as shade and protection from drip in nursery practice; - 5th., the use of natural shade for nurseries during the dry season, and oth., disinfecting both seed and seed-beds-soil. PROGRAM FOR GRAFTING INVESTIGATIONS The tentative program is as follows : 1st., Approach grafting in an effort to save trees suffering from disease; 2nd., the use of shield-grafting or budding in an effort to make best use of small amounts of budding material; 3rd., control experiments in the grafting of scions suspected of being diseased; 4th., experiments designed to develop a calendar for grafting, and 5th., grafting un …

Cashew, 2. of horticulturists, who have demonstrated, however, that the tree can be propagated by grafting, thus making simple the perpetuation of superior forms which originate as chance seedlings. In addition to its resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, with exception of low temperatures, the cashew has the advantage of coming into bearing at a very early age, commonly three years from seed.

… t I have greatly enjoyed my stay and especially my days with Ing. Edmundo Astorga, who has not only helped me see everything I wanted to see, but has shown a keen and intelligent interest in the program of fruit improvement. I hope he will stay behind it, because I feel he has the necessary drive and that is what it is going to take. Personnel will be your main problem. You have the land. You have the necessary climatic conditions. You need to introduce plant material of numerous varieties and as I have shown above, this is not a difficult problem and I shall be glad to assist. I think I know where to get most of …