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2. Classification of plants into a system that indicates the true relationships of all the taxa has long been the aim of plant taxonomists, Although much in this field has been achieved by aid of observations of morphological and geographical characteristics in the past, great difficulties have frequently been met with in deciding upon the level of some taxa, and then especially in distinguishing between the category of species as contrasted to the interspecific units of subspecies and variety. The biological definition of these categories that considers the occurrence of an internal reproductive barrier to be an …

… ally identical to genera described by critical classical scientists. They are characterized by a single basic chromosome that may be secondary if more than one is involved in the evolution of the taxa. The chromosomes of the genus when its origin deviates from hybridization. These theories also are characterized by the single chromosome morphology of all the species involved by distinct and by a definite karyotype (chromosome) of genetic relationships. From the sex point of view, a separate biological species is made up of a single group of individuals or groups that are tightly variable with each other each othe …

I. Background Since the biosystematic approach to plant taxonomy has grown into an important venture in recent decades, the need for some aid in retrieval of pertinent information has long been pressing. This has been clearly recognized, especially by the large membership of the International Organization of Plant Biosystematists, which already in 1960 made information retrieval one of its main goals. The matter has been discussed at every meeting of this organization, but not until the Botanical Congress in Seattle in early September, 1969 was there any new progress available to demonstrate in what way this migh …

30. We present this new system of the subtribe Gentianineae as an humble exercise in evolutionary plant taxonomy, a kind of a guideline that we hope is likely to lead to a more fertile solution of problems concerning the monographers of critical families. It seems to us that the utilization of this and other kinds of data related to the chromosomes would in most cases improve the classification arrived at and secure that it rests not on fallacious assumptions about the relative age of morphological characters but on characteristics of an undoubtedly most important evolutionary significance. To ignore the chromoso …

II. Since 1970 these phenomena in rye and other grasses have been investigated more closely, especially in barley. Rye plants with two extra chromosomes of the bird just indicated - later called standard B-chromosomes - distinguished from other altered B-chromosome types that have arisen in culture - were first observed in two Swedish rye varieties. Later on, seeds of primitive strains of rye & were obtained from Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, central Siberia, and Korea. In most of the samples B-chromosomes were found to occur in varying frequencies. Exceptional was the material from Korea, which had B-chromosomes in …

… tudies in Cyperaceae. Hereditas 25:224. 1939. Hicks, G.C. Cytological studies in Cyperus, Eleocharis, Dulchium, and Eriophorum. Bot. Gaz. 88:13x. 1929. Hoffman, K.M. Beitrage Zur Cytologie Der Orchidaceen. Planta 10:523. 1930. Jorgenson, A.C. Chromosomes and sex in Vallisneria. Jour Gen. 18:63. 1927. Lindschau, M. Beitrage Zu Zytologie Der Bromeliaceae. Planta 20:506. 1933 McKelvey, S.L. and Sax, K. Taxonomic and cytological relationships of Yucca and Agave. Jour. arnold Arbor. 14:76. 1933. Mather, K. Chromosome variation in Crocus I. Jour. Gen. 26:129. 1932. Nakajima G. Chromosome numbers in some angiosperms. Ja …

Selected specialists knowing about chromosome lists and the need for them. Professor T. W. Böcher, Institute for Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83, Copenhagen K., Denmark. Dr. Z. Bolkhovskikh, Laboratory of Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Popov Street 2, Leningrad 22, USSR. Professor Verne Grant, Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. Professor William F. Grant, Department of Genetics, McGill University, Macdonald College P. O., near Montreal, Canada. Professor C. B. Heiser, Department of Botany, Indiana University, Bloomin …

Key to the door of our better understanding of plant genetics in general, and Manihot in particular, I wish to choose the right key. Therefore, I have several ideas of how best to attack this problem. Here are two of them: [1] The investigation of the chromosomes of many, if not all, "recognized" species, re- coding the number in each as well as begin- ning morphological investigations of their chromo- somes. Sort of a "super-survey" (cytologically). [2] Investigate the problem of hybrid- ization in the genus, attempting to see why there seems to be such few blocks to hybridization. Personally, I think that [1] i …

10. Most chromosome studies have been performed on plants from the arctic and subarctic belts and from the nemoral vegetation regions of western Europe, eastern North America, and eastern Asia. It is, therefore, necessary to widen such studies to include also other kinds of plants in areas less well known from this point of view, in the belief that this may not only add to our understanding of chromosomal evolution but also clarify the taxonomy of the floras of these lands as a firmer basis for phyto-geographical and practical evolutionary studies. The Mediterranean and semiarid types of floras still remain very …

CYTOTAXONOMICAL ATLAS Cave, M.S. (ed.) 1958-1960: Index to plant chromosome numbers. Vol. I, comprising numbers 1 - 4 and supplement, and covering the years 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959. - University of North Carolina Press. Cave, M.S. (ed.) 1961-1965: Index to plant chromosome numbers. Vol. II, comprising numbers 5 - 9, and covering the years, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964. - University of North Carolina Press. Chiarugi, A. 1960: Tavole cromosomiche delle Pteridophyta. - Caryologia 13: 27-150. Darlington, C.D. and Janaki-Ammal, E.K. 1945: Chromosome atlas of cultivated plants. - London. Darlington, C.D. and Wylie, A.P. …

the plants containing B-chromosomes are in any way superior to plants without B-chromosomes. On the contrary, it is clear that plants with many B-chromosomes are weaker and less fertile than other plants. This effect, however, will not be obvious when the number of B-chromosomes is fairly large. This number may range from one to more than 20. An interesting property of the B-chromosomes in corn is that they are heterochromatic, i.e., they have rather sticky surfaces and stain somewhat differently from A-chromosomes. Before the discovery of B-chromosomes in corn, rye plants in different countries were observed to …

ABSTRACT This proposal is for the compilation of a computerized data bank and retrieval system for critical chromosome information of the approximately 40,000-45,000 species of higher plants and around 10,000 species of lower plants studied from this point of view in more than 20,000 publications since 1882. The compilation of the bank is endorsed by the International Organization of Plant Biosystematists, and it is estimated that it may require up to five years to list the backlog of information to the stage when only annual increments are required. Since the bank will include complete and critical taxonomical a …

… e only ones to be followed in order to reduce the already existing confusion to a minimum. The following stages of the work, for which we seek support in this proposal, will be concerned with the flowering plants, whereas the last stage will review plants at a systematic level below the pteridophytes. We will, then, start with the aid of all previously published chromosome atlases, continue by checking back to the originals available in our library, and conclude by checking every one of those papers to which we have found a reference and which can be located through personal contacts or library services, and/or c …

E.P.O. Biology 331 Field Botany Fall, 1974-75 Dr. Richardson, Ramaley 115, ex-6378 Date Topic September 5 The roots of plant taxonomy: dichotomies and divergences 10 Plant systematics after Darwin 12 Contemporary plant systematics 17 The units of classification 19 Vocabulary of flowering plant characteristics I: roots & stems 24 Vocabulary of flowering plant characteristics II: flowers 26 Vocabulary of flowering plant characteristics III: fruits & seeds October 1 The concept of characters: analytic, synthetic, quant. & qualitative Evolutionary interpretation of characters Correlation and discrimination of charact …

… DISTRIBUTION Chromosome number investigations started the year 1882, when the German botanist Strasburger and the French botanist Guignard published observations which seemed to indicate that a species of plants is characterized by a single chromosome number which occurs in all its somatic cells. Twenty-five years and several hundred studies later, it was shown, by the German botanist Roth, that in the genus Rumex chromosome numbers which are multiples of a single basic number form a series from one species to another. About that time, numerous embryologists and cytologists in various parts of America had also s …

GENERAL TAXONOMY (continued) R.W. Haines (London, England) and K.A. Lye (Ås, Norway) Studies in African Cyperaceae IX. The Morphology of Coleochloa Gilly and Afrotrilepis J. Rayn. (10 pp.) L. Holm-Nielsen (Aarhus, Denmark) Notes on Central Andean Passifloraceae+ J. Lundgren (Stockholm, Sweden) The Genus Petalacte D. Don (Compositae) (6 pp.) K.A. Lye (Ås, Norway) Studies in African Cyperaceae VIII. The Taxonomic Position of Abildgaardia Vahl and Nemum Hamilton (5 pp.) D.M. Moore and B. Yates (Reading, England) Armeria L. in South America+ P. van Royen (Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.) Sertulum Papuanum 18. Two Superfluou …

I would appreciate receiving a reprint of your paper entitled: A computer program for classifying plants I (1964) which appeared in: Science 132(3434):1115-1118 Thank you. (signed) DAVID L BRUCK Department of Zoology University of Chicago 1101 E. 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 (I have Bioscience paper) 7/17/67 I would also appreciate any reprints of more recent publications on phenetic classification. SCOTTISH SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN PLANT BREEDING SCOTTISH PLANT BREEDING STATION PENTLANDFIELD, ROSLIN, MIDLOTHIAN TEL: FARMILEHEAD 2171-2 Dear Dr. Rogers I should be pleased to receive a reprint of your article …

… hese floras before we can concentrate on special cases. However, special groups are being selected from time to time whenever species or genera are found to be promising for detailed studies by aid of transplant and hybridization experiments. We and other cytotaxonomists working with the arctic-alpine plants regard it as most important to get information about the chromosome number of all the species of this element as soon as possible, to secure the use of the biological species concept as a background for these general and special investigations on the history and origin of the flora as a whole. Thanks to sever …

212 Chapter 8 THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS LEPTOSPORANGIATE FERNs FLOWERING PLANTS EUSPORANGIATE FERNs GNETALES CONIFERS ANCIENT FERNS AND FERN-LIKE PLANTS CYCADS GINKGO HORSETAILS PSILOPHyTES CLUB MOSSES QUILL-WORTS PRIMITIVE VASCULAR PLANTS LIVERWORTS HORNWORTS MOSSES PRIMITIVE EMERGENTS GOLDEN DIATOMS BROWN ALGAE YELLOW GREEN ALGAE EUGLENoids GREEN ALGAE STONEWORTS BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BACTERIA ACTINOMYCETES ALGA-LIKE FUNGI BROWN ALGAE RED ALGAE PRIMITIVE UNICELLULAR PLANTS WITH TRUE NUCLEI DINOFLAGELLATES PRE-CELLULAR PROTOPLASM SLIME MOLDS In this chapter a brief résumé of the major groups of living plants is pr …

New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Ithaca, N.Y. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING August 5, 1952 Dr. Goodspeed, Univ. of Calif., Botanic Gardens, Berkeley, California. Dear Dr. Goodspeed: I am a graduate student at Cornell University with a major in plant breeding and a minor in floriculture. These two fields of study are combined in my thesis problem which is with the genus Viburnum. The problem will involve a cytological chromosome study, pollen storage studies and incompatibility studies of all species of Viburnum available. This spring a s …