Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
A Research Division of Carnegie Mellon University

Hunt Institute Archives Text Discovery Platform

Search a large and growing portion of our online collections, including handwritten documents.
PROTOTYPE

This prototype uses state-of-the-art artificial intelligence, including a vision-language model (VLM) capable of reading handwritten documents as well as typed and printed text, to create searchable transcriptions of digitized materials in the Hunt Institute Archives. This makes it possible to search the textual contents of individual pages, including material that may not be described in the archival catalog.

Use Keyword search for specific words, names, dates, scientific names, or phrases. Try Semantic search (experimental) to describe a topic, question, or kind of material when you do not know the exact wording used in the documents.

About the AI-generated transcriptions

The transcriptions are generated automatically from page images and may contain errors, especially with difficult handwriting, unusual names, multiple languages, image-quality problems, or complex layouts. They are intended primarily as a discovery aid rather than authoritative transcriptions.

Each result provides the generated transcription and links to the original digitized material and associated archival description so that readings can be checked against the source. The transcription workflow uses AI models run locally by the Hunt Institute.

About Keyword and Semantic search

Keyword search is the default and matches the wording in the transcriptions. Results contain all your terms. Use quotes for an exact phrase. Substring matching is supported, so aceae can find plant-family names ending in -aceae.

Semantic search (experimental) is useful when you know what kind of material you are looking for but do not know the words used in the documents. It ranks transcribed passages by similarity of meaning, so relevant results may not contain the exact words in your query.

Semantic queries can be broad research topics, descriptions of activities or relationships, or natural-language questions. For example:

plant collecting and fieldwork in South America medicinal, culinary, or other traditional uses of plants chromosomes and plant classification early herbals and botanical illustrations botanical institutions exchanging plants, seeds, and specimens microscopy and photomicrography in botanical research How did botanists and gardeners introduce plants from one region to another? grafting, budding, and propagation of tropical fruit crops

Semantic search is not a chatbot: a question is used as a search query, and the system returns archival passages that appear conceptually related to it rather than generating an answer or summary. Short descriptions and ordinary research questions generally work better than lists of disconnected keywords. Quotation marks have no special meaning in Semantic mode. Cross-language matching may work in some cases, but it should not be treated as translation.

Keyword and Semantic search are complementary. Keyword search lets you require particular wording; Semantic search can surface differently worded passages about the same subject. Depending on the research question, trying both can reveal different useful material.

Open a result: use the prominent page-and-transcription link to see the metadata, PDF, and full transcription. Keyword-search terms are highlighted in the transcription.

Archives Collections Database (ArchivesSpace): the Collection, Item/Folder, and Digital Object links open the corresponding archival records. Collection-level dates describe the collection as a whole, not necessarily the specific item or page.

If a PDF does not load: on the detail page, use the Digital Object link, click “Go to file” in ArchivesSpace, and navigate to the page number shown here.

Current limitations
  • Automated transcriptions can contain missing or incorrect text or unintended repetition. Difficult handwriting, image quality, unusual layouts, and multiple languages can reduce accuracy. Always consult the original page image when an exact reading matters.
  • Semantic search remains experimental. Its rankings are an additional discovery aid, not a complete or definitive set of relevant results, and highly ranked pages can sometimes be only broadly related.
  • This is an active prototype. Search coverage, transcriptions, functionality, and the interface may continue to change as additional archival material is processed and the system is improved.

← Back to results

Page 163 · DO #404 · 204_Popenoe_Bx30aFF5r

Collection
Wilson Popenoe (1892–1975) family papers
Item/Folder
Cinchona manuscript - correspondence, 10 January 1940–6 August 1942
Digital Object
DO #404, page 163
Collection-level dates
1882–1975
Open PDF at page 163 ↗

Page transcription

Observations on commercial grafting and layering in fruit trees at
the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y.,
August 6, 1942,
by Dr. John R. Shuman

Dr. H. B. Tukey, Chief in research and professor of
pomology, Cornell, 1927-, is in charge of production and evaluation
of the present and new introductions of horticultural fruit trees
including the pear, quince, cherry, peach, etc. The station is
maintained for the purpose of giving assistance to the commercial
fruit growers of New York State.

After presenting the problems of obtaining improved
strains of Cinchona and the methods of plant propagation now in use,
we went to the field plots.

CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS

The mother plantation or stool block for propagation of
clonal rootstock was visited first. "The apple rootstock nursery
is probably the largest in the United States." It is a comparative-
ly recent advance in this country but has been used for sometime in
Europe. Certain rootstocks can be multiplied on a commercial scale
by layering.

The technique involves setting out of year old plants in
rows in the rootstock nursery. After becoming established during
the first growing season the shoots are cut off an inch below the
crown. Adventitious shoots appear during the second growing season
and the rows are weeded and cultivated several times. The soil is
worked gently and gradually towards the stool of plants without
actually covering or smothering them and results in a mound of earth
extending throughout the length of the nursery rows. A shovel full