Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
A Research Division of Carnegie Mellon University

Hunt Institute Archives Text Discovery Platform

Search a large and growing portion of our online collections, including handwritten documents.
PROTOTYPE

This prototype uses state-of-the-art artificial intelligence, including a vision-language model (VLM) capable of reading handwritten documents as well as typed and printed text, to create searchable transcriptions of digitized materials in the Hunt Institute Archives. This makes it possible to search the textual contents of individual pages, including material that may not be described in the archival catalog.

Use Keyword search for specific words, names, dates, scientific names, or phrases. Try Semantic search (experimental) to describe a topic, question, or kind of material when you do not know the exact wording used in the documents.

About the AI-generated transcriptions

The transcriptions are generated automatically from page images and may contain errors, especially with difficult handwriting, unusual names, multiple languages, image-quality problems, or complex layouts. They are intended primarily as a discovery aid rather than authoritative transcriptions.

Each result provides the generated transcription and links to the original digitized material and associated archival description so that readings can be checked against the source. The transcription workflow uses AI models run locally by the Hunt Institute.

About Keyword and Semantic search

Keyword search is the default and matches the wording in the transcriptions. Results contain all your terms. Use quotes for an exact phrase. Substring matching is supported, so aceae can find plant-family names ending in -aceae.

Semantic search (experimental) is useful when you know what kind of material you are looking for but do not know the words used in the documents. It ranks transcribed passages by similarity of meaning, so relevant results may not contain the exact words in your query.

Semantic queries can be broad research topics, descriptions of activities or relationships, or natural-language questions. For example:

plant collecting and fieldwork in South America medicinal, culinary, or other traditional uses of plants chromosomes and plant classification early herbals and botanical illustrations botanical institutions exchanging plants, seeds, and specimens microscopy and photomicrography in botanical research How did botanists and gardeners introduce plants from one region to another? grafting, budding, and propagation of tropical fruit crops

Semantic search is not a chatbot: a question is used as a search query, and the system returns archival passages that appear conceptually related to it rather than generating an answer or summary. Short descriptions and ordinary research questions generally work better than lists of disconnected keywords. Quotation marks have no special meaning in Semantic mode. Cross-language matching may work in some cases, but it should not be treated as translation.

Keyword and Semantic search are complementary. Keyword search lets you require particular wording; Semantic search can surface differently worded passages about the same subject. Depending on the research question, trying both can reveal different useful material.

Open a result: use the prominent page-and-transcription link to see the metadata, PDF, and full transcription. Keyword-search terms are highlighted in the transcription.

Archives Collections Database (ArchivesSpace): the Collection, Item/Folder, and Digital Object links open the corresponding archival records. Collection-level dates describe the collection as a whole, not necessarily the specific item or page.

If a PDF does not load: on the detail page, use the Digital Object link, click “Go to file” in ArchivesSpace, and navigate to the page number shown here.

Current limitations
  • Automated transcriptions can contain missing or incorrect text or unintended repetition. Difficult handwriting, image quality, unusual layouts, and multiple languages can reduce accuracy. Always consult the original page image when an exact reading matters.
  • Semantic search remains experimental. Its rankings are an additional discovery aid, not a complete or definitive set of relevant results, and highly ranked pages can sometimes be only broadly related.
  • This is an active prototype. Search coverage, transcriptions, functionality, and the interface may continue to change as additional archival material is processed and the system is improved.

← Back to results

Page 27 · DO #459 · 204_Popenoe_Bx33FF29r

Collection
Wilson Popenoe (1892–1975) family papers
Item/Folder
Preface, Introduction, and The Mango - manuscript and notes (typed and handwritten) - chapters in outline for proposed book with Herbert Wolfe, n.d.
Digital Object
DO #459, page 27
Collection-level dates
1882–1975
Open PDF at page 27 ↗

Page transcription

wrapped with vinyl film to make a moisture-tight seal. Their advantage is the large number of scions which can be made from a limited supply of twigs, and the shorter time required from planting seeds to setting grafted trees in the orchard.

Approach-grafting, often incorrectly termed inarching, is the easiest method so far as technique is concerned, but one which often produces weak unions and which requires a great deal of labor compared to other methods. A potted seedling is supported close to a suitable twig of the scion variety, a shallow lateral cut a couple of inches long is made on both stock and scion, and the cut areas are placed together and bound firmly in place. In a couple of months the top of the seedling is cut back to the union, the scion twig is severed just below the union, and the potted graft is ready to put in the nursery.

Budding is sometimes used, with the customary shield-bud most common, although patch-budding was the type first used commercially. The method is very similar to that used for citrus fruits, but success is not easy and an experienced budder may have few mango buds unite. Seedlings stocks should be 1/4 to 1/2 in. thick, about 8 to 10 months old. Buds are taken from the next-to-last flush of growth, and may be pre-conditioned by cutting off their subtending leaves about 2 weeks beforehand. It is necessary, of course, that the bark should slip on the stocks. After the bud has united with the stock, the latter should be cut back as in veneer-grafting.

Topwork of established trees to change them into more desirable varieties may be done either by cleft- or veneer-grafting, preferably the latter. Young seedling trees, or unsatisfactory grafted trees, with trunks up to 6 in. diameter, may be veneer-grafted in spring on the trunk or at the base of the main limbs, using scions as described above. After the grafts have united well, the tops of the trees are gradually cut back to the union. With older trees, it is usually better to prune the top back in early winter to leave a foot or so of each main limb, and then to veneer-graft the shoots which develop in the spring as if they were young seedlings. Ordinarily they will be ready to graft in late spring or early summer.