Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation
A Research Division of Carnegie Mellon University

Hunt Institute Archives Text Discovery Platform

Search a large and growing portion of our online collections, including handwritten documents.
PROTOTYPE

This prototype uses state-of-the-art artificial intelligence, including a vision-language model (VLM) capable of reading handwritten documents as well as typed and printed text, to create searchable transcriptions of digitized materials in the Hunt Institute Archives. This makes it possible to search the textual contents of individual pages, including material that may not be described in the archival catalog.

Use Keyword search for specific words, names, dates, scientific names, or phrases. Try Semantic search (experimental) to describe a topic, question, or kind of material when you do not know the exact wording used in the documents.

About the AI-generated transcriptions

The transcriptions are generated automatically from page images and may contain errors, especially with difficult handwriting, unusual names, multiple languages, image-quality problems, or complex layouts. They are intended primarily as a discovery aid rather than authoritative transcriptions.

Each result provides the generated transcription and links to the original digitized material and associated archival description so that readings can be checked against the source. The transcription workflow uses AI models run locally by the Hunt Institute.

About Keyword and Semantic search

Keyword search is the default and matches the wording in the transcriptions. Results contain all your terms. Use quotes for an exact phrase. Substring matching is supported, so aceae can find plant-family names ending in -aceae.

Semantic search (experimental) is useful when you know what kind of material you are looking for but do not know the words used in the documents. It ranks transcribed passages by similarity of meaning, so relevant results may not contain the exact words in your query.

Semantic queries can be broad research topics, descriptions of activities or relationships, or natural-language questions. For example:

Semantic search is not a chatbot: a question is used as a search query, and the system returns archival passages that appear conceptually related to it rather than generating an answer or summary. Short descriptions and ordinary research questions generally work better than lists of disconnected keywords. Quotation marks have no special meaning in Semantic mode. Cross-language matching may work in some cases, but it should not be treated as translation.

Keyword and Semantic search are complementary. Keyword search lets you require particular wording; Semantic search can surface differently worded passages about the same subject. Depending on the research question, trying both can reveal different useful material.

Open a result: use the prominent page-and-transcription link to see the metadata, PDF, and full transcription. Keyword-search terms are highlighted in the transcription.

Archives Collections Database (ArchivesSpace): the Collection, Item/Folder, and Digital Object links open the corresponding archival records. Collection-level dates describe the collection as a whole, not necessarily the specific item or page.

If a PDF does not load: on the detail page, use the Digital Object link, click “Go to file” in ArchivesSpace, and navigate to the page number shown here.

Current limitations
  • Automated transcriptions can contain missing or incorrect text or unintended repetition. Difficult handwriting, image quality, unusual layouts, and multiple languages can reduce accuracy. Always consult the original page image when an exact reading matters.
  • Semantic search remains experimental. Its rankings are an additional discovery aid, not a complete or definitive set of relevant results, and highly ranked pages can sometimes be only broadly related.
  • This is an active prototype. Search coverage, transcriptions, functionality, and the interface may continue to change as additional archival material is processed and the system is improved.

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Page 13 · DO #2669 · 48_20th%20Century%20Botanists_Bx4FF43r

Collection
Twentieth Century Botanists correspondence and other materials
Item/Folder
Ray, W.W. Misc. A - B, 1945–1963
Digital Object
DO #2669, page 13
Collection-level dates
1873–1970
Open PDF at page 13 ↗

Page transcription

-3-

a report of the Agricultural College (No. 17, pages 89-127) he published a paper entitled Contribution to the Iowa Flora. This was based mainly upon his own collections, assisted by J. C. Arthur, and with the cooperation of four other interested persons in different portions of the state. His added burden of Entomology compelled him to devote much time for several years to studies on the insects of Iowa, particularly on those that were harmful to plants. This burden became less by the aid of a young student, Herbert Osborn, who eventually became Professor of Entomology. In the 1873 and 1874 Reports of the Iowa State Agricultural Society are published Professor Bessey's Reports on Insects.

As time went on Professor Bessey became more and more interested in the diseases of plants. In the Agricultural College Report printed in 1877 appeared his paper entitled "On Injurious Fungi. The Blights (Erysiphe)". Several other botanical papers, partly of physiological nature were published in the Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society in the years before and after 1880. One of these papers in the 1883 number is entitled "The Diseases of Plants" and may well be the first pathological paper from the College.

With the erection in 1880 of North Hall the Botanical Department was removed from the Main Hall and given much more commodious quarters. In a note by him concerning this event, in the March, 1881, number of the American Naturalist it is stated that "A large lecture-room is supplemented by a laboratory adjacent to it. The latter is constructed with north and east windows for microscope work. A third room of ample size is set aside for the herbarium and cabinet."

In 1880 he accepted the task as botanical editor for the American Naturalist to which he had contributed a number of short papers in the preceding years. He prepared monthly notes for that journal for quite a number of years beyond his years of service at Iowa Agricultural College. Feeling the need in Iowa of such